Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly

We obtain constraints in a 12 parameter cosmological model using the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release (DR) 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data, combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra (Planck Public Release, PR, 4) and lensing (Planck PR4 + Atacama...

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Main Author: Shouvik Roy Choudhury
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade1cc
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author Shouvik Roy Choudhury
author_facet Shouvik Roy Choudhury
author_sort Shouvik Roy Choudhury
collection DOAJ
description We obtain constraints in a 12 parameter cosmological model using the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release (DR) 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data, combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra (Planck Public Release, PR, 4) and lensing (Planck PR4 + Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR 6) data, uncalibrated Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data from Pantheon+ and Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 5 (DESY5) samples, and Weak Lensing (WL; DES Year 1) data. The cosmological model consists of six Λ cold dark matter parameters and additionally, the dynamical dark energy parameters ( w _0 , w _a ), the sum of neutrino masses (∑ m _ν ), the effective number of non-photon radiation species ( N _eff ), the scaling of the lensing amplitude ( A _lens ), and the running of the scalar spectral index ( α _s ). Our major findings are the following: (i) With CMB+BAO+DESY5+WL, we obtain the first 2 σ + detection of a non-zero $\sum {m}_{\nu }=0.1{9}_{-0.18}^{+0.15}$ eV (95%). Replacing DESY5 with Pantheon+ still yields a ∼1.9 σ detection. (ii) The cosmological constant lies at the edge of the 95% contour with CMB+BAO+Pantheon+ but is excluded at 2 σ + with DESY5, leaving evidence for dynamical dark energy data-set dependent and inconclusive. (iii) With CMB+BAO+SNe+WL, A _lens  = 1 is excluded at >2 σ , while it remains consistent with unity without WL data—suggesting that the existence of lensing anomaly with Planck PR4 likelihoods may depend on non-CMB data sets. (iv) The Hubble tension persists at 3.6 σ –4.2 σ with CMB+BAO+SNe; WL data have minimal impact.
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spelling doaj-art-ec6ff04a62d44d5bb23d1451fe2fa5eb2025-08-20T02:09:24ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019862L3110.3847/2041-8213/ade1ccCosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing AnomalyShouvik Roy Choudhury0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-3454Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106319, Taiwan ; sroy@asiaa.sinica.edu.twWe obtain constraints in a 12 parameter cosmological model using the recent Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release (DR) 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data, combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra (Planck Public Release, PR, 4) and lensing (Planck PR4 + Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR 6) data, uncalibrated Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data from Pantheon+ and Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 5 (DESY5) samples, and Weak Lensing (WL; DES Year 1) data. The cosmological model consists of six Λ cold dark matter parameters and additionally, the dynamical dark energy parameters ( w _0 , w _a ), the sum of neutrino masses (∑ m _ν ), the effective number of non-photon radiation species ( N _eff ), the scaling of the lensing amplitude ( A _lens ), and the running of the scalar spectral index ( α _s ). Our major findings are the following: (i) With CMB+BAO+DESY5+WL, we obtain the first 2 σ + detection of a non-zero $\sum {m}_{\nu }=0.1{9}_{-0.18}^{+0.15}$ eV (95%). Replacing DESY5 with Pantheon+ still yields a ∼1.9 σ detection. (ii) The cosmological constant lies at the edge of the 95% contour with CMB+BAO+Pantheon+ but is excluded at 2 σ + with DESY5, leaving evidence for dynamical dark energy data-set dependent and inconclusive. (iii) With CMB+BAO+SNe+WL, A _lens  = 1 is excluded at >2 σ , while it remains consistent with unity without WL data—suggesting that the existence of lensing anomaly with Planck PR4 likelihoods may depend on non-CMB data sets. (iv) The Hubble tension persists at 3.6 σ –4.2 σ with CMB+BAO+SNe; WL data have minimal impact.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade1ccCosmological neutrinosDark energyCosmic microwave background radiationHubble constantNeutrino massesBaryon acoustic oscillations
spellingShingle Shouvik Roy Choudhury
Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Cosmological neutrinos
Dark energy
Cosmic microwave background radiation
Hubble constant
Neutrino masses
Baryon acoustic oscillations
title Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
title_full Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
title_fullStr Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
title_full_unstemmed Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
title_short Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2σ+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
title_sort cosmology in extended parameter space with desi data release 2 baryon acoustic oscillations a 2σ detection of nonzero neutrino masses with an update on dynamical dark energy and lensing anomaly
topic Cosmological neutrinos
Dark energy
Cosmic microwave background radiation
Hubble constant
Neutrino masses
Baryon acoustic oscillations
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade1cc
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