Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of PAItrap3, a novel PAI-1 inhibitor, on lipid metabolism, and autophagy pathways in diabetic mice.Methodsdb/db diabetic mice were administered PAItrap3 (5.7 mg/kg/day, IV) for 21 consecutive days, and its impact on metabolic, gene expression, and...

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Main Authors: Linxi Wang, Zhouyangyang Zhang, Menghua Lin, Liqin Qi, Libin Liu, Zhuo Chen, Shuzhi Tang, Lijing Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1596655/full
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author Linxi Wang
Zhouyangyang Zhang
Menghua Lin
Liqin Qi
Libin Liu
Zhuo Chen
Shuzhi Tang
Lijing Wang
author_facet Linxi Wang
Zhouyangyang Zhang
Menghua Lin
Liqin Qi
Libin Liu
Zhuo Chen
Shuzhi Tang
Lijing Wang
author_sort Linxi Wang
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of PAItrap3, a novel PAI-1 inhibitor, on lipid metabolism, and autophagy pathways in diabetic mice.Methodsdb/db diabetic mice were administered PAItrap3 (5.7 mg/kg/day, IV) for 21 consecutive days, and its impact on metabolic, gene expression, and lipidomic profiles was assessed. Western blot analysis was performed to examine lipid metabolism-related proteins in white adipose tissue (FASN, HSL, CPT1A, ACADM) and autophagy markers (LC3B, P62, Parkin, PGC1α, PPARGC1B). Additionally, RNA-seq and targeted lipidomics were employed to analyze gene expression and lipid metabolic alterations.ResultsPAItrap3 significantly reduced blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels while improving insulin sensitivity. In lipid metabolism, FASN and HSL levels were upregulated, whereas CPT1A and ACADM levels were downregulated in the DMP group. Regarding the autophagy pathway, PPARGC1B, LC3B, and PGC1α expression levels were increased, while P62 and Parkin levels were decreased. Lipidomics analysis revealed that triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerols (DG) were generally downregulated, with TG (18:2/18:2/18:2) (0.96 [0.8491, 1]), LPI (18:0) (0.96 [0.8491, 1]), and MLCL (14:3/20:4/22:6) (0.96 [0.8491, 1]) identified as key metabolites.ConclusionThis study finds that PAItrap3 modulates lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and autophagy pathways, thereby improving metabolic dysfunction in diabetic mice. These findings highlight its potential therapeutic value for treating diabetes-associated lipid metabolic disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-ec30ba5ae67942df9f6e28d9e94e59a72025-08-20T02:23:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-06-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15966551596655Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db miceLinxi Wang0Zhouyangyang Zhang1Menghua Lin2Liqin Qi3Libin Liu4Zhuo Chen5Shuzhi Tang6Lijing Wang7Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, ChinaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, ChinaObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of PAItrap3, a novel PAI-1 inhibitor, on lipid metabolism, and autophagy pathways in diabetic mice.Methodsdb/db diabetic mice were administered PAItrap3 (5.7 mg/kg/day, IV) for 21 consecutive days, and its impact on metabolic, gene expression, and lipidomic profiles was assessed. Western blot analysis was performed to examine lipid metabolism-related proteins in white adipose tissue (FASN, HSL, CPT1A, ACADM) and autophagy markers (LC3B, P62, Parkin, PGC1α, PPARGC1B). Additionally, RNA-seq and targeted lipidomics were employed to analyze gene expression and lipid metabolic alterations.ResultsPAItrap3 significantly reduced blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels while improving insulin sensitivity. In lipid metabolism, FASN and HSL levels were upregulated, whereas CPT1A and ACADM levels were downregulated in the DMP group. Regarding the autophagy pathway, PPARGC1B, LC3B, and PGC1α expression levels were increased, while P62 and Parkin levels were decreased. Lipidomics analysis revealed that triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerols (DG) were generally downregulated, with TG (18:2/18:2/18:2) (0.96 [0.8491, 1]), LPI (18:0) (0.96 [0.8491, 1]), and MLCL (14:3/20:4/22:6) (0.96 [0.8491, 1]) identified as key metabolites.ConclusionThis study finds that PAItrap3 modulates lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and autophagy pathways, thereby improving metabolic dysfunction in diabetic mice. These findings highlight its potential therapeutic value for treating diabetes-associated lipid metabolic disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1596655/fullPAI-1 inhibitorlipid metabolismautophagyenergy metabolismdiabetes mellitus
spellingShingle Linxi Wang
Zhouyangyang Zhang
Menghua Lin
Liqin Qi
Libin Liu
Zhuo Chen
Shuzhi Tang
Lijing Wang
Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice
Frontiers in Pharmacology
PAI-1 inhibitor
lipid metabolism
autophagy
energy metabolism
diabetes mellitus
title Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice
title_full Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice
title_fullStr Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice
title_full_unstemmed Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice
title_short Mechanistic insights into the PAI-1 inhibitor PAItrap3: enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db/db mice
title_sort mechanistic insights into the pai 1 inhibitor paitrap3 enhancing lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of diabetic db db mice
topic PAI-1 inhibitor
lipid metabolism
autophagy
energy metabolism
diabetes mellitus
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1596655/full
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