Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials
Background Evidence regarding the comparative safety of different COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. This study aims to characterize and compare the safety profiles of five COVID-19 vaccines in terms of adverse reactions after immunization.Research design and methods We conducted a retrospective ana...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Expert Review of Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2502031 |
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| author | Yue Liu Qian Liu Lai-Run Jin Wei-Wei Han Ming-Wei Wei Si-Yue Jia Feng-Cai Zhu Jing-Xin Li |
| author_facet | Yue Liu Qian Liu Lai-Run Jin Wei-Wei Han Ming-Wei Wei Si-Yue Jia Feng-Cai Zhu Jing-Xin Li |
| author_sort | Yue Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Evidence regarding the comparative safety of different COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. This study aims to characterize and compare the safety profiles of five COVID-19 vaccines in terms of adverse reactions after immunization.Research design and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of adverse reactions reported among adults aged 18–59 years from nine clinical trials. The analyzed vaccines included inactivated, recombinant protein, intranasal influenza-vectored, aerosolized and intramuscular Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Factor analysis and association rule analysis were used to characterize adverse reaction patterns, while multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the influence of vaccine type and demographic factors.Results Inactivated, recombinant, and intramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccines commonly caused injection site pain, fatigue, headache, and pyrexia from the SOC of ‘General disorders and administration site conditions.’ Intranasal influenza-vectored vaccines mainly cause respiratory symptoms such as rhinorrhea and nasal congestion, while dry mouth and oropharyngeal pain from ‘Gastrointestinal disorders’ were primarily observed in aerosolized Ad5 vectored vaccines. Younger age (p < 0.001), female sex (p = 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.001), and intramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccines (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher adverse reaction risks.Conclusions COVID-19 vaccines developed through different technological approaches have distinct adverse reaction profiles. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ec06ca2edbe94bcfa6cb2edde230e80d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1476-0584 1744-8395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-ec06ca2edbe94bcfa6cb2edde230e80d2025-08-20T02:14:15ZengTaylor & Francis GroupExpert Review of Vaccines1476-05841744-83952025-12-0124133934910.1080/14760584.2025.2502031Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trialsYue Liu0Qian Liu1Lai-Run Jin2Wei-Wei Han3Ming-Wei Wei4Si-Yue Jia5Feng-Cai Zhu6Jing-Xin Li7School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine), Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaBackground Evidence regarding the comparative safety of different COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. This study aims to characterize and compare the safety profiles of five COVID-19 vaccines in terms of adverse reactions after immunization.Research design and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of adverse reactions reported among adults aged 18–59 years from nine clinical trials. The analyzed vaccines included inactivated, recombinant protein, intranasal influenza-vectored, aerosolized and intramuscular Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Factor analysis and association rule analysis were used to characterize adverse reaction patterns, while multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the influence of vaccine type and demographic factors.Results Inactivated, recombinant, and intramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccines commonly caused injection site pain, fatigue, headache, and pyrexia from the SOC of ‘General disorders and administration site conditions.’ Intranasal influenza-vectored vaccines mainly cause respiratory symptoms such as rhinorrhea and nasal congestion, while dry mouth and oropharyngeal pain from ‘Gastrointestinal disorders’ were primarily observed in aerosolized Ad5 vectored vaccines. Younger age (p < 0.001), female sex (p = 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.001), and intramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccines (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher adverse reaction risks.Conclusions COVID-19 vaccines developed through different technological approaches have distinct adverse reaction profiles.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2502031Adverse reactionsaerosolized Ad5 vectored vaccineCOVID-19 vaccinesinactivated vaccineintramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccineintranasal influenza-vectored vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Yue Liu Qian Liu Lai-Run Jin Wei-Wei Han Ming-Wei Wei Si-Yue Jia Feng-Cai Zhu Jing-Xin Li Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials Expert Review of Vaccines Adverse reactions aerosolized Ad5 vectored vaccine COVID-19 vaccines inactivated vaccine intramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccine intranasal influenza-vectored vaccine |
| title | Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials |
| title_full | Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials |
| title_fullStr | Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials |
| title_short | Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials |
| title_sort | adverse reaction characteristics of five covid 19 vaccines across different technology platforms a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials |
| topic | Adverse reactions aerosolized Ad5 vectored vaccine COVID-19 vaccines inactivated vaccine intramuscular Ad5 vectored vaccine intranasal influenza-vectored vaccine |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2502031 |
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