Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Patterns of the Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Gene Family in <i>Saccharum</i> Species

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) is a crucial regulatory enzyme in sucrose synthesis and photosynthetic carbon assimilation, functioning through two distinct isoforms: cytosolic FBP (cyFBP) and chloroplastic FBP (cpFBP). However, the identification and functional characterization of <i>FBP<...

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Main Authors: Chunyan Tian, Xiuting Hua, Peifang Zhao, Chunjia Li, Xujuan Li, Hongbo Liu, Xinlong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2433
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Summary:Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) is a crucial regulatory enzyme in sucrose synthesis and photosynthetic carbon assimilation, functioning through two distinct isoforms: cytosolic FBP (cyFBP) and chloroplastic FBP (cpFBP). However, the identification and functional characterization of <i>FBP</i> genes in <i>Saccharum</i> remains limited. In this study, we conducted a systematic identification and comparative genomics analyses of <i>FBPs</i> in three <i>Saccharum</i> species. We further examined their expression patterns across leaf developmental zones, spatiotemporal profiles, and responses to diurnal rhythms and hormonal treatments. Our analysis identified 95 <i>FBP</i> genes, including 44 <i>cyFBPs</i> and 51 <i>cpFBPs</i>. Comparative analyses revealed significant divergence in physicochemical properties, gene structures, and motif compositions between the two isoforms. Expression profiling indicated that both <i>cyFBPs</i> and <i>cpFBPs</i> were predominantly expressed in leaves, particularly in maturing and mature zones. During diurnal cycles, their expression peaked around the night–day transition, with <i>cpFBPs</i> exhibiting earlier peaks than <i>cyFBPs</i>. <i>FBP genes</i> in <i>Saccharum spontaneum</i> displayed greater diurnal sensitivity than those in <i>Saccharum officinarum</i>. Hormonal treatments further revealed significant regulatory divergence in <i>FBP</i> genes, both between isoforms and across species. Notably, <i>cyFBP</i>_<i>2</i> and <i>cpFBP</i>_<i>2</i> members consistently exhibited higher expression levels across all datasets, suggesting their pivotal roles in sugarcane physiology. These findings not only identify potential target genes for enhancing sucrose accumulation, but also highlight the breeding value of <i>S. spontaneum</i> and <i>S. officinarum</i> in sugarcane breeding.
ISSN:2223-7747