Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors
Immune competence is a critical aspect of protecting animals from the negative consequences of disease. The activation of the immune response from inflammation is part of adaptive homeostasis that serves to eliminate danger, induce tissue repair, and restore tissue homeostasis. Therefore, the main g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/163 |
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| author | Maria Giovanna Ciliberti Antonella Santillo Mariangela Caroprese Marzia Albenzio |
| author_facet | Maria Giovanna Ciliberti Antonella Santillo Mariangela Caroprese Marzia Albenzio |
| author_sort | Maria Giovanna Ciliberti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune competence is a critical aspect of protecting animals from the negative consequences of disease. The activation of the immune response from inflammation is part of adaptive homeostasis that serves to eliminate danger, induce tissue repair, and restore tissue homeostasis. Therefore, the main goal for the organism is to control both the induction and suppression of inflammation and resist the onset of disease. In this condition, modulators of inflammatory responses are produced, including small proteins called cytokines, which exert a pro- or anti-inflammatory action in a context-dependent manner. Indeed, the cytokine profile could be considered a useful biomarker to determine the pathophysiology of certain diseases, such as mastitis, endometritis, change-induced heat stress, and zoonoses. Recently, buffalo breeding has attracted the interest of the research communities due to their high resilience; however, little is known about the immune mechanism activated under specific stressors. This review describes the complex immune competence of the buffalo in the presence of the most common infectious and non-infectious stressors. In addition, a brief description of methods for early diagnosis of disease using cytokine quantification will be introduced. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eba197d445814e79a744af6959a65ee6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-eba197d445814e79a744af6959a65ee62025-01-24T13:17:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-01-0115216310.3390/ani15020163Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious StressorsMaria Giovanna Ciliberti0Antonella Santillo1Mariangela Caroprese2Marzia Albenzio3Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyImmune competence is a critical aspect of protecting animals from the negative consequences of disease. The activation of the immune response from inflammation is part of adaptive homeostasis that serves to eliminate danger, induce tissue repair, and restore tissue homeostasis. Therefore, the main goal for the organism is to control both the induction and suppression of inflammation and resist the onset of disease. In this condition, modulators of inflammatory responses are produced, including small proteins called cytokines, which exert a pro- or anti-inflammatory action in a context-dependent manner. Indeed, the cytokine profile could be considered a useful biomarker to determine the pathophysiology of certain diseases, such as mastitis, endometritis, change-induced heat stress, and zoonoses. Recently, buffalo breeding has attracted the interest of the research communities due to their high resilience; however, little is known about the immune mechanism activated under specific stressors. This review describes the complex immune competence of the buffalo in the presence of the most common infectious and non-infectious stressors. In addition, a brief description of methods for early diagnosis of disease using cytokine quantification will be introduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/163immune responsecytokinesbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Maria Giovanna Ciliberti Antonella Santillo Mariangela Caroprese Marzia Albenzio Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors Animals immune response cytokines biomarkers |
| title | Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors |
| title_full | Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors |
| title_fullStr | Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors |
| title_short | Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors |
| title_sort | buffalo immune competence under infectious and non infectious stressors |
| topic | immune response cytokines biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/163 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariagiovannaciliberti buffaloimmunecompetenceunderinfectiousandnoninfectiousstressors AT antonellasantillo buffaloimmunecompetenceunderinfectiousandnoninfectiousstressors AT mariangelacaroprese buffaloimmunecompetenceunderinfectiousandnoninfectiousstressors AT marziaalbenzio buffaloimmunecompetenceunderinfectiousandnoninfectiousstressors |