Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. SUMO-specific peptidases, known as SENPs, emerge as critical players, regulating tumorigenesis and progression of numerous cancer types. Despite this, the specific impact of SE...

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Main Authors: Xu Zhang, Chenglei Zhao, Tianyi Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02598-w
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author Xu Zhang
Chenglei Zhao
Tianyi Liu
author_facet Xu Zhang
Chenglei Zhao
Tianyi Liu
author_sort Xu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. SUMO-specific peptidases, known as SENPs, emerge as critical players, regulating tumorigenesis and progression of numerous cancer types. Despite this, the specific impact of SENPs in HCC remains unclear. Hence, our study aimed to reveal the immune and prognostic implications of SENPs in HCC. Methods The gene expression of SENP in various cancers was examined using open-access databases including TCGA, GTEx, and CPTAC. In order to investigate the prognostic potential of the SENP family, Kaplan–Meier analysis was used. To clarify the underlying biological mechanisms, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out. cBioPortal database was used to evaluate genetic mutation profiles. For insight into the relationship between SENP genes and tumor immunity, various algorithms were used. Results Our findings showed that SENP1, SENP2, SENP3, SENP5, SENP6, and SENP7 expression levels were significantly higher in HCC tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. In HCC patients, elevated SENP1 and SENP5 expression has been associated with tumor development and poor outcomes. Our immune infiltration patterns results also showed significant correlations between SENP5 expression and neutrophil (cor = 0.346, p < 0.001), myeloid dendritic cell (cor = 0.491, p < 0.001), macrophage (cor = 0.465, p < 0.001), and memory B cell (cor = 0.336, p < 0.001) infiltration in HCC, whereas SENP1 expression was associated with none of these infiltrations. Conclusions The prognostic and immunogenetic value of SENP1 and SENP5 in HCC was demonstrated in this study. Therefore, these two genes have the potential to function as separate prognostic biomarkers and offer promise as immunotherapeutic targets in the fight against HCC.
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spelling doaj-art-eb982f16f73e415b8465f9a1bb8733e52025-08-20T01:51:36ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-05-0116111610.1007/s12672-025-02598-wIntegrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinomaXu Zhang0Chenglei Zhao1Tianyi Liu2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Computed Tomography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityAbstract Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. SUMO-specific peptidases, known as SENPs, emerge as critical players, regulating tumorigenesis and progression of numerous cancer types. Despite this, the specific impact of SENPs in HCC remains unclear. Hence, our study aimed to reveal the immune and prognostic implications of SENPs in HCC. Methods The gene expression of SENP in various cancers was examined using open-access databases including TCGA, GTEx, and CPTAC. In order to investigate the prognostic potential of the SENP family, Kaplan–Meier analysis was used. To clarify the underlying biological mechanisms, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out. cBioPortal database was used to evaluate genetic mutation profiles. For insight into the relationship between SENP genes and tumor immunity, various algorithms were used. Results Our findings showed that SENP1, SENP2, SENP3, SENP5, SENP6, and SENP7 expression levels were significantly higher in HCC tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. In HCC patients, elevated SENP1 and SENP5 expression has been associated with tumor development and poor outcomes. Our immune infiltration patterns results also showed significant correlations between SENP5 expression and neutrophil (cor = 0.346, p < 0.001), myeloid dendritic cell (cor = 0.491, p < 0.001), macrophage (cor = 0.465, p < 0.001), and memory B cell (cor = 0.336, p < 0.001) infiltration in HCC, whereas SENP1 expression was associated with none of these infiltrations. Conclusions The prognostic and immunogenetic value of SENP1 and SENP5 in HCC was demonstrated in this study. Therefore, these two genes have the potential to function as separate prognostic biomarkers and offer promise as immunotherapeutic targets in the fight against HCC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02598-wHepatocellular carcinomaSENP familyBiomarkersPrognostic valueImmune infiltration
spellingShingle Xu Zhang
Chenglei Zhao
Tianyi Liu
Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
Discover Oncology
Hepatocellular carcinoma
SENP family
Biomarkers
Prognostic value
Immune infiltration
title Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_full Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_fullStr Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_short Integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of SENP gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
title_sort integrative analysis of the expression profile and prognostic values of senp gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma
topic Hepatocellular carcinoma
SENP family
Biomarkers
Prognostic value
Immune infiltration
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02598-w
work_keys_str_mv AT xuzhang integrativeanalysisoftheexpressionprofileandprognosticvaluesofsenpgenefamilyinhepatocellularcarcinoma
AT chengleizhao integrativeanalysisoftheexpressionprofileandprognosticvaluesofsenpgenefamilyinhepatocellularcarcinoma
AT tianyiliu integrativeanalysisoftheexpressionprofileandprognosticvaluesofsenpgenefamilyinhepatocellularcarcinoma