Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).

<h4>Background</h4>Excessive haemorrhage at cesarean section requires donor (allogeneic) blood transfusion. Cell salvage may reduce this requirement.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (at 26 obstetric units; participants recruite...

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Main Authors: Khalid S Khan, Philip A S Moore, Matthew J Wilson, Richard Hooper, Shubha Allard, Ian Wrench, Lee Beresford, Tracy E Roberts, Carol McLoughlin, James Geoghegan, Jane P Daniels, Sue Catling, Vicki A Clark, Paul Ayuk, Stephen Robson, Fang Gao-Smith, Matthew Hogg, Doris Lanz, Julie Dodds, SALVO study group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017-12-01
Series:PLoS Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002471
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author Khalid S Khan
Philip A S Moore
Matthew J Wilson
Richard Hooper
Shubha Allard
Ian Wrench
Lee Beresford
Tracy E Roberts
Carol McLoughlin
James Geoghegan
Jane P Daniels
Sue Catling
Vicki A Clark
Paul Ayuk
Stephen Robson
Fang Gao-Smith
Matthew Hogg
Doris Lanz
Julie Dodds
SALVO study group
author_facet Khalid S Khan
Philip A S Moore
Matthew J Wilson
Richard Hooper
Shubha Allard
Ian Wrench
Lee Beresford
Tracy E Roberts
Carol McLoughlin
James Geoghegan
Jane P Daniels
Sue Catling
Vicki A Clark
Paul Ayuk
Stephen Robson
Fang Gao-Smith
Matthew Hogg
Doris Lanz
Julie Dodds
SALVO study group
author_sort Khalid S Khan
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Excessive haemorrhage at cesarean section requires donor (allogeneic) blood transfusion. Cell salvage may reduce this requirement.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (at 26 obstetric units; participants recruited from 4 June 2013 to 17 April 2016) of routine cell salvage use (intervention) versus current standard of care without routine salvage use (control) in cesarean section among women at risk of haemorrhage. Randomisation was stratified, using random permuted blocks of variable sizes. In an intention-to-treat analysis, we used multivariable models, adjusting for stratification variables and prognostic factors identified a priori, to compare rates of donor blood transfusion (primary outcome) and fetomaternal haemorrhage ≥2 ml in RhD-negative women with RhD-positive babies (a secondary outcome) between groups. Among 3,028 women randomised (2,990 analysed), 95.6% of 1,498 assigned to intervention had cell salvage deployed (50.8% had salvaged blood returned; mean 259.9 ml) versus 3.9% of 1,492 assigned to control. Donor blood transfusion rate was 3.5% in the control group versus 2.5% in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42 to 1.01, p = 0.056; adjusted risk difference -1.03, 95% CI -2.13 to 0.06). In a planned subgroup analysis, the transfusion rate was 4.6% in women assigned to control versus 3.0% in the intervention group among emergency cesareans (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99), whereas it was 2.2% versus 1.8% among elective cesareans (adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.83) (interaction p = 0.46). No case of amniotic fluid embolism was observed. The rate of fetomaternal haemorrhage was higher with the intervention (10.5% in the control group versus 25.6% in the intervention group, adjusted OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 22.14, p = 0.013). We are unable to comment on long-term antibody sensitisation effects.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The overall reduction observed in donor blood transfusion associated with the routine use of cell salvage during cesarean section was not statistically significant.<h4>Trial registration</h4>This trial was prospectively registered on ISRCTN as trial number 66118656 and can be viewed on http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN66118656.
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spelling doaj-art-eb7c8de91fc94996aa032ca73ce2f5df2025-08-20T02:23:15ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762017-12-011412e100247110.1371/journal.pmed.1002471Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).Khalid S KhanPhilip A S MooreMatthew J WilsonRichard HooperShubha AllardIan WrenchLee BeresfordTracy E RobertsCarol McLoughlinJames GeogheganJane P DanielsSue CatlingVicki A ClarkPaul AyukStephen RobsonFang Gao-SmithMatthew HoggDoris LanzJulie DoddsSALVO study group<h4>Background</h4>Excessive haemorrhage at cesarean section requires donor (allogeneic) blood transfusion. Cell salvage may reduce this requirement.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (at 26 obstetric units; participants recruited from 4 June 2013 to 17 April 2016) of routine cell salvage use (intervention) versus current standard of care without routine salvage use (control) in cesarean section among women at risk of haemorrhage. Randomisation was stratified, using random permuted blocks of variable sizes. In an intention-to-treat analysis, we used multivariable models, adjusting for stratification variables and prognostic factors identified a priori, to compare rates of donor blood transfusion (primary outcome) and fetomaternal haemorrhage ≥2 ml in RhD-negative women with RhD-positive babies (a secondary outcome) between groups. Among 3,028 women randomised (2,990 analysed), 95.6% of 1,498 assigned to intervention had cell salvage deployed (50.8% had salvaged blood returned; mean 259.9 ml) versus 3.9% of 1,492 assigned to control. Donor blood transfusion rate was 3.5% in the control group versus 2.5% in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42 to 1.01, p = 0.056; adjusted risk difference -1.03, 95% CI -2.13 to 0.06). In a planned subgroup analysis, the transfusion rate was 4.6% in women assigned to control versus 3.0% in the intervention group among emergency cesareans (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99), whereas it was 2.2% versus 1.8% among elective cesareans (adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.83) (interaction p = 0.46). No case of amniotic fluid embolism was observed. The rate of fetomaternal haemorrhage was higher with the intervention (10.5% in the control group versus 25.6% in the intervention group, adjusted OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 22.14, p = 0.013). We are unable to comment on long-term antibody sensitisation effects.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The overall reduction observed in donor blood transfusion associated with the routine use of cell salvage during cesarean section was not statistically significant.<h4>Trial registration</h4>This trial was prospectively registered on ISRCTN as trial number 66118656 and can be viewed on http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN66118656.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002471
spellingShingle Khalid S Khan
Philip A S Moore
Matthew J Wilson
Richard Hooper
Shubha Allard
Ian Wrench
Lee Beresford
Tracy E Roberts
Carol McLoughlin
James Geoghegan
Jane P Daniels
Sue Catling
Vicki A Clark
Paul Ayuk
Stephen Robson
Fang Gao-Smith
Matthew Hogg
Doris Lanz
Julie Dodds
SALVO study group
Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).
PLoS Medicine
title Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).
title_full Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).
title_fullStr Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).
title_full_unstemmed Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).
title_short Cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section: A pragmatic, multicentre randomised controlled trial (SALVO).
title_sort cell salvage and donor blood transfusion during cesarean section a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial salvo
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002471
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