3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting

Abstract Complex fibrous microarchitectures are common in biology, with fiber orientation playing a key role in the structure–function relationships that govern tissue behavior. Directional imaging modalities, such as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI), can be used to derive a 3D ve...

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Main Authors: Meghan Rochelle Griffin, Spencer E. Bertram, Noah P. Robison, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Ravi Janardan, Michael C. McAlpine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Communications Engineering
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00489-0
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author Meghan Rochelle Griffin
Spencer E. Bertram
Noah P. Robison
Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
Ravi Janardan
Michael C. McAlpine
author_facet Meghan Rochelle Griffin
Spencer E. Bertram
Noah P. Robison
Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
Ravi Janardan
Michael C. McAlpine
author_sort Meghan Rochelle Griffin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Complex fibrous microarchitectures are common in biology, with fiber orientation playing a key role in the structure–function relationships that govern tissue behavior. Directional imaging modalities, such as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI), can be used to derive a 3D vector map of fiber orientation. Incorporating this alignment information into engineered tissues remains a challenging and evolving area of research, with direct incorporation of directional imaging data into engineered tissue structures yet to be achieved. Here we describe an algorithmic framework, entitled Nonplanar, Architecture-Aligned Toolpathing for In Vitro 3D bioprinting (NAATIV3), which processes DTMRI data to map tissue fibers, reduce them to a representative subset, remove conflicting fibers, select a printable sequence, and output a G-code file. DTMRI data from a human left ventricle was used to 3D print fibered models with high accuracy. It is anticipated that NAATIV3 is generalizable beyond the cardiac application demonstrated here. Directional imaging data from a variety of organs, disease states, and developmental timepoints may be processible by NAATIV3, enabling the creation of models for understanding development, physiology, and pathophysiology. Furthermore, the NAATIV3 framework could be extended to bioengineered food manufacturing, plant engineering, and beyond.
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spelling doaj-art-eb3d6247e4e54fd682e70080bbd3b3102025-08-20T03:45:49ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Engineering2731-33952025-08-014111210.1038/s44172-025-00489-03D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprintingMeghan Rochelle Griffin0Spencer E. Bertram1Noah P. Robison2Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari3Ravi Janardan4Michael C. McAlpine5Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of MinnesotaAbstract Complex fibrous microarchitectures are common in biology, with fiber orientation playing a key role in the structure–function relationships that govern tissue behavior. Directional imaging modalities, such as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI), can be used to derive a 3D vector map of fiber orientation. Incorporating this alignment information into engineered tissues remains a challenging and evolving area of research, with direct incorporation of directional imaging data into engineered tissue structures yet to be achieved. Here we describe an algorithmic framework, entitled Nonplanar, Architecture-Aligned Toolpathing for In Vitro 3D bioprinting (NAATIV3), which processes DTMRI data to map tissue fibers, reduce them to a representative subset, remove conflicting fibers, select a printable sequence, and output a G-code file. DTMRI data from a human left ventricle was used to 3D print fibered models with high accuracy. It is anticipated that NAATIV3 is generalizable beyond the cardiac application demonstrated here. Directional imaging data from a variety of organs, disease states, and developmental timepoints may be processible by NAATIV3, enabling the creation of models for understanding development, physiology, and pathophysiology. Furthermore, the NAATIV3 framework could be extended to bioengineered food manufacturing, plant engineering, and beyond.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00489-0
spellingShingle Meghan Rochelle Griffin
Spencer E. Bertram
Noah P. Robison
Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
Ravi Janardan
Michael C. McAlpine
3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
Communications Engineering
title 3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
title_full 3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
title_fullStr 3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
title_full_unstemmed 3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
title_short 3D vector field-guided toolpathing for 3D bioprinting
title_sort 3d vector field guided toolpathing for 3d bioprinting
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00489-0
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