Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats

The world’s coastal ecosystems have experienced significant biodiversity declines. Restoration of coastal wetlands that enhances biodiversity is needed for the conservation of the unique flora and fauna depending on these ecosystems. Verification of biodiversity benefits to accompany carbon credits...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Valerie Hagger, Mathew A Vanderklift, Kieren P. Beaumont, Andrew Olds, Sabine Dittman, Catherine E. Lovelock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25007356
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849321287062650880
author Valerie Hagger
Mathew A Vanderklift
Kieren P. Beaumont
Andrew Olds
Sabine Dittman
Catherine E. Lovelock
author_facet Valerie Hagger
Mathew A Vanderklift
Kieren P. Beaumont
Andrew Olds
Sabine Dittman
Catherine E. Lovelock
author_sort Valerie Hagger
collection DOAJ
description The world’s coastal ecosystems have experienced significant biodiversity declines. Restoration of coastal wetlands that enhances biodiversity is needed for the conservation of the unique flora and fauna depending on these ecosystems. Verification of biodiversity benefits to accompany carbon credits or to generate separate biodiversity credits under emerging nature markets is fundamental to the success of coastal wetland restoration. While there are many approaches to assess biodiversity in coastal wetland ecosystems, species assessed and metrics have not yet been standardised for coastal wetland restoration. We aimed to identity taxonomic groups and metrics that represent biodiversity recovery and develop an approach to quantify biodiversity gains from restoration of coastal wetlands relative to local, native reference ecosystems. We developed and tested a set of indicators and survey methods to quantify specific elements of biodiversity in mangroves, saltmarshes and supratidal forests in two coastal wetland restoration projects from different climatic regions in Australia. We measured and assessed vegetation and habitat structure and composition, and fauna community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates, birds, and insectivorous bats. We developed an area-adjusted multi-diversity index for each restoration site based on selected indicators for different vegetation types along a tidal elevation gradient. Indicators that have linear restoration trajectories were selected. Modelling of restored vegetation types considering historic environmental changes and future tidal inundation was needed to define reference ecosystems. The multi-diversity index for the partially-restored site at the Blue Heart in Queensland was almost double that of the pre-restoration site at Webb Beach in South Australia, because of the larger extent and better condition of current vegetation types in comparison to local reference ecosystems. Plant species composition, species richness in functional groups of birds and bats, bat activity in functional groups, and benthic macroinvertebrate species diversity are promising metrics that could be refined as indicators for a standardised biodiversity method for coastal wetland restoration that could inform biodiversity crediting.
format Article
id doaj-art-eab329e5b7ef42e79ce4c2410f3548dd
institution Kabale University
issn 1470-160X
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Ecological Indicators
spelling doaj-art-eab329e5b7ef42e79ce4c2410f3548dd2025-08-20T03:49:46ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-09-0117811380510.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113805Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and batsValerie Hagger0Mathew A Vanderklift1Kieren P. Beaumont2Andrew Olds3Sabine Dittman4Catherine E. Lovelock5School of Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Corresponding author.CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5052 SA, AustraliaSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5052 SA, AustraliaSchool of Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaThe world’s coastal ecosystems have experienced significant biodiversity declines. Restoration of coastal wetlands that enhances biodiversity is needed for the conservation of the unique flora and fauna depending on these ecosystems. Verification of biodiversity benefits to accompany carbon credits or to generate separate biodiversity credits under emerging nature markets is fundamental to the success of coastal wetland restoration. While there are many approaches to assess biodiversity in coastal wetland ecosystems, species assessed and metrics have not yet been standardised for coastal wetland restoration. We aimed to identity taxonomic groups and metrics that represent biodiversity recovery and develop an approach to quantify biodiversity gains from restoration of coastal wetlands relative to local, native reference ecosystems. We developed and tested a set of indicators and survey methods to quantify specific elements of biodiversity in mangroves, saltmarshes and supratidal forests in two coastal wetland restoration projects from different climatic regions in Australia. We measured and assessed vegetation and habitat structure and composition, and fauna community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates, birds, and insectivorous bats. We developed an area-adjusted multi-diversity index for each restoration site based on selected indicators for different vegetation types along a tidal elevation gradient. Indicators that have linear restoration trajectories were selected. Modelling of restored vegetation types considering historic environmental changes and future tidal inundation was needed to define reference ecosystems. The multi-diversity index for the partially-restored site at the Blue Heart in Queensland was almost double that of the pre-restoration site at Webb Beach in South Australia, because of the larger extent and better condition of current vegetation types in comparison to local reference ecosystems. Plant species composition, species richness in functional groups of birds and bats, bat activity in functional groups, and benthic macroinvertebrate species diversity are promising metrics that could be refined as indicators for a standardised biodiversity method for coastal wetland restoration that could inform biodiversity crediting.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25007356Ecological monitoringTidal restorationMangroveSaltmarshTidal marshSupratidal forest
spellingShingle Valerie Hagger
Mathew A Vanderklift
Kieren P. Beaumont
Andrew Olds
Sabine Dittman
Catherine E. Lovelock
Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats
Ecological Indicators
Ecological monitoring
Tidal restoration
Mangrove
Saltmarsh
Tidal marsh
Supratidal forest
title Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats
title_full Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats
title_fullStr Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats
title_full_unstemmed Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats
title_short Biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants, invertebrates, birds, and bats
title_sort biodiversity gains can be achieved with coastal wetland restoration for plants invertebrates birds and bats
topic Ecological monitoring
Tidal restoration
Mangrove
Saltmarsh
Tidal marsh
Supratidal forest
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25007356
work_keys_str_mv AT valeriehagger biodiversitygainscanbeachievedwithcoastalwetlandrestorationforplantsinvertebratesbirdsandbats
AT mathewavanderklift biodiversitygainscanbeachievedwithcoastalwetlandrestorationforplantsinvertebratesbirdsandbats
AT kierenpbeaumont biodiversitygainscanbeachievedwithcoastalwetlandrestorationforplantsinvertebratesbirdsandbats
AT andrewolds biodiversitygainscanbeachievedwithcoastalwetlandrestorationforplantsinvertebratesbirdsandbats
AT sabinedittman biodiversitygainscanbeachievedwithcoastalwetlandrestorationforplantsinvertebratesbirdsandbats
AT catherineelovelock biodiversitygainscanbeachievedwithcoastalwetlandrestorationforplantsinvertebratesbirdsandbats