Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability
Energy grids and markets are in transition. Increased use of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces new stability challenges for power grids. Despite the substantial electrical consumption of mobile networks, they are yet to harness their inherent flexibility for aiding in the stability of the po...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524006136 |
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| author | Jussi Laimio Mika Keski-Heikkilä Matti Pärssinen Roope Lahti Olli Salmela Topi Volkov Jari Collin Petri Rannikko Henri Koskela Jukka Manner |
| author_facet | Jussi Laimio Mika Keski-Heikkilä Matti Pärssinen Roope Lahti Olli Salmela Topi Volkov Jari Collin Petri Rannikko Henri Koskela Jukka Manner |
| author_sort | Jussi Laimio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Energy grids and markets are in transition. Increased use of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces new stability challenges for power grids. Despite the substantial electrical consumption of mobile networks, they are yet to harness their inherent flexibility for aiding in the stability of the power grid. A noticeable research gap exists concerning measuring full activation time for fast frequency reserve (FFR) product while using batteries from mobile network base stations. Our objective is to demonstrate that mobile operators could use their existing infrastructure to participate in the reserve market of a contemporary power grid. Furthermore, it seeks to determine if the full activation time can meet the requirements of an FFR product. The system consists of a live mobile base station site with a mobile connection to the site, local controller, an existing battery, and a power system that, in combination, can function as part of a power grid balancing system. Our main finding indicates that the rectifier reaction time within an installed base station site infrastructure ranges from 5 to 8 s, and the time when the base station is entirely off from the grid varies from 7 to 10 s. This finding is significant since the activation time is too long for the base station power system controller to be used for FFR. The required full activation time for FFR is less than 1.3 s. In conclusion, power system vendors should investigate improvements for their equipment and software products to enable fast reserve market entry for their existing customers and stay competitive. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eab056ec824042ba99fda6c6fc8c62ec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0142-0615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-eab056ec824042ba99fda6c6fc8c62ec2025-01-19T06:23:53ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-03-01164110390Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stabilityJussi Laimio0Mika Keski-Heikkilä1Matti Pärssinen2Roope Lahti3Olli Salmela4Topi Volkov5Jari Collin6Petri Rannikko7Henri Koskela8Jukka Manner9Department of Communications and Networking, Aalto University, PO Box 15500, 00076 Aalto, Finland; Virnex Group Oyj, Askonkatu 9 F, 15110 Lahti, Finland; Corresponding author.Department of Communications and Networking, Aalto University, PO Box 15500, 00076 Aalto, Finland; Telia Finland Oyj, Pasilan Asema-aukio 1, 00520 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Communications and Networking, Aalto University, PO Box 15500, 00076 Aalto, Finland; Telia Finland Oyj, Pasilan Asema-aukio 1, 00520 Helsinki, FinlandTelia Finland Oyj, Pasilan Asema-aukio 1, 00520 Helsinki, FinlandNokia Oyj, Karakaari 13, 02610 Espoo, FinlandNokia Oyj, Karakaari 13, 02610 Espoo, FinlandTelia Finland Oyj, Pasilan Asema-aukio 1, 00520 Helsinki, FinlandTelia Finland Oyj, Pasilan Asema-aukio 1, 00520 Helsinki, FinlandEtteplan Oyj, Tekniikantie 4, ESPOO, 02150, FinlandDepartment of Communications and Networking, Aalto University, PO Box 15500, 00076 Aalto, FinlandEnergy grids and markets are in transition. Increased use of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces new stability challenges for power grids. Despite the substantial electrical consumption of mobile networks, they are yet to harness their inherent flexibility for aiding in the stability of the power grid. A noticeable research gap exists concerning measuring full activation time for fast frequency reserve (FFR) product while using batteries from mobile network base stations. Our objective is to demonstrate that mobile operators could use their existing infrastructure to participate in the reserve market of a contemporary power grid. Furthermore, it seeks to determine if the full activation time can meet the requirements of an FFR product. The system consists of a live mobile base station site with a mobile connection to the site, local controller, an existing battery, and a power system that, in combination, can function as part of a power grid balancing system. Our main finding indicates that the rectifier reaction time within an installed base station site infrastructure ranges from 5 to 8 s, and the time when the base station is entirely off from the grid varies from 7 to 10 s. This finding is significant since the activation time is too long for the base station power system controller to be used for FFR. The required full activation time for FFR is less than 1.3 s. In conclusion, power system vendors should investigate improvements for their equipment and software products to enable fast reserve market entry for their existing customers and stay competitive.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524006136Battery backupDistributed Energy ResourcesPower gridReserve productsVirtual power plantFast Frequency Reserve |
| spellingShingle | Jussi Laimio Mika Keski-Heikkilä Matti Pärssinen Roope Lahti Olli Salmela Topi Volkov Jari Collin Petri Rannikko Henri Koskela Jukka Manner Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Battery backup Distributed Energy Resources Power grid Reserve products Virtual power plant Fast Frequency Reserve |
| title | Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability |
| title_full | Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability |
| title_fullStr | Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability |
| title_short | Mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability |
| title_sort | mobile base station site as a virtual power plant for grid stability |
| topic | Battery backup Distributed Energy Resources Power grid Reserve products Virtual power plant Fast Frequency Reserve |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524006136 |
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