Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction

A working definition of a complex system is that of an entity which is coherent in some recognizable way but whose elements, interactions, and dynamics generate structures admitting surprise and novelty which cannot be defined. Complex systems are therefore more than the sum of their parts, and a co...

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Main Authors: Michael Batty, Paul M. Torrens
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Unité Mixte de Recherche 8504 Géographie-cités 2001-12-01
Series:Cybergeo
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/1035
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author Michael Batty
Paul M. Torrens
author_facet Michael Batty
Paul M. Torrens
author_sort Michael Batty
collection DOAJ
description A working definition of a complex system is that of an entity which is coherent in some recognizable way but whose elements, interactions, and dynamics generate structures admitting surprise and novelty which cannot be defined. Complex systems are therefore more than the sum of their parts, and a consequence of this is that any model of their structure is necessarily incomplete and partial. Models represent simplifications of a system in which salient parts and processes are simulated and given this definition, many models will exist for any particular complex system. In this paper, we explore the impact of complexity in validating models of such systems. We begin with definitions of complexity, complex systems, and models thereof. We identify the key issues as being concerned with the characterization of system equilibrium, system environment, and the way systems and their elements extend and scale. As our perspective on these issues changes, so do our models and this has implications for their testing and validation. We develop these, introducing changes in the meaning of validity posed by the use to which such models are to be put in terms of their users. We draw these ideas together as conclusions about the limits posed to prediction in complex systems. We illustrate our arguments using various examples from the fields of urban systems theory and urban science.
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spelling doaj-art-ea8715c1f3ca4bdb9a02c8a7b71f86a62025-08-20T04:02:09ZdeuUnité Mixte de Recherche 8504 Géographie-citésCybergeo1278-33662001-12-0110.4000/cybergeo.1035Modelling complexity : The limits to predictionMichael BattyPaul M. TorrensA working definition of a complex system is that of an entity which is coherent in some recognizable way but whose elements, interactions, and dynamics generate structures admitting surprise and novelty which cannot be defined. Complex systems are therefore more than the sum of their parts, and a consequence of this is that any model of their structure is necessarily incomplete and partial. Models represent simplifications of a system in which salient parts and processes are simulated and given this definition, many models will exist for any particular complex system. In this paper, we explore the impact of complexity in validating models of such systems. We begin with definitions of complexity, complex systems, and models thereof. We identify the key issues as being concerned with the characterization of system equilibrium, system environment, and the way systems and their elements extend and scale. As our perspective on these issues changes, so do our models and this has implications for their testing and validation. We develop these, introducing changes in the meaning of validity posed by the use to which such models are to be put in terms of their users. We draw these ideas together as conclusions about the limits posed to prediction in complex systems. We illustrate our arguments using various examples from the fields of urban systems theory and urban science.https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/1035urban simulationcellular automatavalidationcomplex systemmulti-agent system
spellingShingle Michael Batty
Paul M. Torrens
Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction
Cybergeo
urban simulation
cellular automata
validation
complex system
multi-agent system
title Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction
title_full Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction
title_fullStr Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction
title_full_unstemmed Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction
title_short Modelling complexity : The limits to prediction
title_sort modelling complexity the limits to prediction
topic urban simulation
cellular automata
validation
complex system
multi-agent system
url https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/1035
work_keys_str_mv AT michaelbatty modellingcomplexitythelimitstoprediction
AT paulmtorrens modellingcomplexitythelimitstoprediction