Effects of Culture Period and Plant Growth Regulators on In Vitro Biomass Production and Phenolic Compounds in Seven Species of <i>Hypericum</i>

Effects of Culture Period and Plant Growth Regulators on In Vitro Biomass Production and Phenolic Compounds in Seven Species of <i>Hypericum</i>

This study evaluated biomass accumulation and phenolic compound production in seven <i>Hypericum</i> species (<i>H. androsaemum</i>, <i>H. calycinum</i>, <i>H. hirsutum</i>, <i>H. kalmianum</i>, <i>H. olympicum</i>, <i>H....

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Doina Clapa, Monica Hârţa, Ana Maria Radomir, Adrian George Peticilă, Loredana Leopold, Floricuţa Ranga, Dorin Ioan Sumedrea
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:	Plants
Subjects:	benzyladenine bioactive compounds hypericin HPLC naphthodianthrones shoots culture
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2437
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Summary:	This study evaluated biomass accumulation and phenolic compound production in seven <i>Hypericum</i> species (<i>H. androsaemum</i>, <i>H. calycinum</i>, <i>H. hirsutum</i>, <i>H. kalmianum</i>, <i>H. olympicum</i>, <i>H. perforatum</i>, and <i>H. triquetrifolium</i>) cultivated in vitro under varying growth regulator treatments and culture periods. Shoots were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) or meta-topoline (mT) and analyzed after 40 and 60 days. MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L BA was the most effective condition for promoting biomass across all species, with shoot fresh weight increasing significantly at 60 days, particularly in <i>H. olympicum</i>, <i>H. perforatum</i>, and <i>H. triquetrifolium</i>. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) identified 13 phenolic compounds, including flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, phloroglucinols, and naphthodianthrones. Phenolic profiles were species-specific and influenced by culture period. <i>H. kalmianum</i> accumulated the highest total phenolic content (37.6 mg/g DW), while <i>H. olympicum</i> was the top producer of hypericin and pseudohypericin. These results highlight the crucial role of culture conditions in regulating both biomass and phytochemical production and provide a promising approach for producing bioactive metabolites in <i>Hypericum</i> species through in vitro systems.
ISSN:	2223-7747