Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure
While traditional cold metal transfer direct energy deposition (T-CMT-DED) can be sped up by increasing the deposition current; this often negatively affects the deposited part's shape and microstructure due to increased heat input. To address this, we propose a novel approach: auxiliary wire f...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424027790 |
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| author | Yi Feng Qiming Jiang Ding Fan |
| author_facet | Yi Feng Qiming Jiang Ding Fan |
| author_sort | Yi Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While traditional cold metal transfer direct energy deposition (T-CMT-DED) can be sped up by increasing the deposition current; this often negatively affects the deposited part's shape and microstructure due to increased heat input. To address this, we propose a novel approach: auxiliary wire feeding cold metal transfer direct energy deposition (AWF-CMT-DED). In this study, we analyzed the droplet transfer behavior, weld bead geometric characteristics, and stability of stainless steel printed utilizing both T-CMT-DED and AWF-CMT-DED. We observed that increasing the auxiliary wire feed speed led to a greater bead height while maintaining a constant bead width. When the auxiliary wire feed speed reached its upper limit for a given deposition current, the AWF-CMT-DED deposition rate was at least 1.46 times higher than that of T-CMT-DED at the same deposition current. Specifically, the AWF-CMT-DED mode, by reducing the molten pool's temperature gradient, facilitated the formation of fine grains, and the average grain size is 50.9 μm. Microstructural analysis indicated that the grain size decreased under the AWF-CMT-DED mode. In a word, this study illustrates that AWF-CMT-DED can achieve a higher deposition rate and lower heat input to the deposited layers, all while preserving high forming quality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea5e098a9cdf4e3893ec6ae842f4de83 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea5e098a9cdf4e3893ec6ae842f4de832025-08-20T01:57:25ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01339313932410.1016/j.jmrt.2024.11.251Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructureYi Feng0Qiming Jiang1Ding Fan2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China; School of Materials Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.Chongqing Municipal Engineering Research Center of Higher education Institutions for Special Welding Materials and Technology, Chongqing, 400054, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.While traditional cold metal transfer direct energy deposition (T-CMT-DED) can be sped up by increasing the deposition current; this often negatively affects the deposited part's shape and microstructure due to increased heat input. To address this, we propose a novel approach: auxiliary wire feeding cold metal transfer direct energy deposition (AWF-CMT-DED). In this study, we analyzed the droplet transfer behavior, weld bead geometric characteristics, and stability of stainless steel printed utilizing both T-CMT-DED and AWF-CMT-DED. We observed that increasing the auxiliary wire feed speed led to a greater bead height while maintaining a constant bead width. When the auxiliary wire feed speed reached its upper limit for a given deposition current, the AWF-CMT-DED deposition rate was at least 1.46 times higher than that of T-CMT-DED at the same deposition current. Specifically, the AWF-CMT-DED mode, by reducing the molten pool's temperature gradient, facilitated the formation of fine grains, and the average grain size is 50.9 μm. Microstructural analysis indicated that the grain size decreased under the AWF-CMT-DED mode. In a word, this study illustrates that AWF-CMT-DED can achieve a higher deposition rate and lower heat input to the deposited layers, all while preserving high forming quality.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424027790Cold metal transferDirected energy depositionAuxiliary wire feedingDroplet transferForming characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Yi Feng Qiming Jiang Ding Fan Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure Journal of Materials Research and Technology Cold metal transfer Directed energy deposition Auxiliary wire feeding Droplet transfer Forming characteristics |
| title | Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure |
| title_full | Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure |
| title_fullStr | Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure |
| title_short | Effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel: A study on droplet transfer, formation characteristics, and microstructure |
| title_sort | effect of auxiliary wire feeding on cold metal transfer directed energy deposition of stainless steel a study on droplet transfer formation characteristics and microstructure |
| topic | Cold metal transfer Directed energy deposition Auxiliary wire feeding Droplet transfer Forming characteristics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424027790 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yifeng effectofauxiliarywirefeedingoncoldmetaltransferdirectedenergydepositionofstainlesssteelastudyondroplettransferformationcharacteristicsandmicrostructure AT qimingjiang effectofauxiliarywirefeedingoncoldmetaltransferdirectedenergydepositionofstainlesssteelastudyondroplettransferformationcharacteristicsandmicrostructure AT dingfan effectofauxiliarywirefeedingoncoldmetaltransferdirectedenergydepositionofstainlesssteelastudyondroplettransferformationcharacteristicsandmicrostructure |