Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased worldwide over the past few years. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity is a key mechanism leading to hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Sympathetic activation can be triggered by reflex mechanisms as arterial baroreceptor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865965 |
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| author | Maria Paola Canale Simone Manca di Villahermosa Giuliana Martino Valentina Rovella Annalisa Noce Antonino De Lorenzo Nicola Di Daniele |
| author_facet | Maria Paola Canale Simone Manca di Villahermosa Giuliana Martino Valentina Rovella Annalisa Noce Antonino De Lorenzo Nicola Di Daniele |
| author_sort | Maria Paola Canale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased worldwide over the past few years. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity is a key mechanism leading to hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Sympathetic activation can be triggered by reflex mechanisms as arterial baroreceptor impairment, by metabolic factors as insulin resistance, and by dysregulated adipokine production and secretion from visceral fat with a mainly permissive role of leptin and antagonist role of adiponectin. Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity contributes to a further decline of insulin sensitivity and creates a vicious circle that may contribute to the development of hypertension and of the metabolic syndrome and favor cardiovascular and kidney disease. Selective renal denervation is an emerging area of interest in the clinical management of obesity-related hypertension. This review focuses on current understanding of some mechanisms through which sympathetic overactivity may be interlaced to the metabolic syndrome, with particular regard to the role of insulin resistance and of some adipokines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ea43862be63f42bd8b751914ef536b49 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8337 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ea43862be63f42bd8b751914ef536b492025-02-03T01:01:39ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452013-01-01201310.1155/2013/865965865965Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic OveractivityMaria Paola Canale0Simone Manca di Villahermosa1Giuliana Martino2Valentina Rovella3Annalisa Noce4Antonino De Lorenzo5Nicola Di Daniele6Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyDivision of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyDivision of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyDivision of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyDivision of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyDivision of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyDivision of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, ItalyThe prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased worldwide over the past few years. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity is a key mechanism leading to hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Sympathetic activation can be triggered by reflex mechanisms as arterial baroreceptor impairment, by metabolic factors as insulin resistance, and by dysregulated adipokine production and secretion from visceral fat with a mainly permissive role of leptin and antagonist role of adiponectin. Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity contributes to a further decline of insulin sensitivity and creates a vicious circle that may contribute to the development of hypertension and of the metabolic syndrome and favor cardiovascular and kidney disease. Selective renal denervation is an emerging area of interest in the clinical management of obesity-related hypertension. This review focuses on current understanding of some mechanisms through which sympathetic overactivity may be interlaced to the metabolic syndrome, with particular regard to the role of insulin resistance and of some adipokines.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865965 |
| spellingShingle | Maria Paola Canale Simone Manca di Villahermosa Giuliana Martino Valentina Rovella Annalisa Noce Antonino De Lorenzo Nicola Di Daniele Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity |
| title_full | Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity |
| title_fullStr | Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity |
| title_short | Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity |
| title_sort | obesity related metabolic syndrome mechanisms of sympathetic overactivity |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865965 |
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