Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin

The contamination of the Lower Danube Basin with trace elements has been the subject of intense study in recent years, with several pollution indices being employed for the assessment of water, soil, and sediment quality. Most pollution indices are calculated by comparing the measured concentration...

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Main Authors: Anca-Marina Vîjdea, Iustina Popescu, Alexandru Anton Ivanov, Veronica Elena Alexe, Natalia-Silvia Asimopolos, Lidia Lenuța Bălan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2458
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author Anca-Marina Vîjdea
Iustina Popescu
Alexandru Anton Ivanov
Veronica Elena Alexe
Natalia-Silvia Asimopolos
Lidia Lenuța Bălan
author_facet Anca-Marina Vîjdea
Iustina Popescu
Alexandru Anton Ivanov
Veronica Elena Alexe
Natalia-Silvia Asimopolos
Lidia Lenuța Bălan
author_sort Anca-Marina Vîjdea
collection DOAJ
description The contamination of the Lower Danube Basin with trace elements has been the subject of intense study in recent years, with several pollution indices being employed for the assessment of water, soil, and sediment quality. Most pollution indices are calculated by comparing the measured concentration to a reference value, with different values from various sources being used. In this study, the threshold values for trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Romania were selected based on the median of their concentration in stream sediment from 167 locations, which were carefully selected to be far from contamination sources. The threshold values were established based on a calculation starting from the geochemical concentration presented in the Geochemical Atlas of Romania (scale: 1:3,000,000, developed in 2006 by a collaborative Romanian-German team). By using these thresholds, pollution indices were calculated for nine sampling locations, from which suspended sediment, bottom sediment, and active floodplain sediment samples were collected and analyzed in an accredited laboratory. Most of the selected thresholds were found to be below the limits for sediments established by Romanian legislation, except for Cr and Ni, the higher values of which are consistent with the specific geological background of the country and the broader Balkan region.
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spelling doaj-art-ea017f78bccb4fe59622f8a41e88cf9a2025-08-20T02:57:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01155245810.3390/app15052458Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube BasinAnca-Marina Vîjdea0Iustina Popescu1Alexandru Anton Ivanov2Veronica Elena Alexe3Natalia-Silvia Asimopolos4Lidia Lenuța Bălan5Geological Institute of Romania, 1 Caransebeș St., 012271 Bucharest, RomaniaGeological Institute of Romania, 1 Caransebeș St., 012271 Bucharest, RomaniaGeological Institute of Romania, 1 Caransebeș St., 012271 Bucharest, RomaniaGeological Institute of Romania, 1 Caransebeș St., 012271 Bucharest, RomaniaGeological Institute of Romania, 1 Caransebeș St., 012271 Bucharest, RomaniaGeological Institute of Romania, 1 Caransebeș St., 012271 Bucharest, RomaniaThe contamination of the Lower Danube Basin with trace elements has been the subject of intense study in recent years, with several pollution indices being employed for the assessment of water, soil, and sediment quality. Most pollution indices are calculated by comparing the measured concentration to a reference value, with different values from various sources being used. In this study, the threshold values for trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Romania were selected based on the median of their concentration in stream sediment from 167 locations, which were carefully selected to be far from contamination sources. The threshold values were established based on a calculation starting from the geochemical concentration presented in the Geochemical Atlas of Romania (scale: 1:3,000,000, developed in 2006 by a collaborative Romanian-German team). By using these thresholds, pollution indices were calculated for nine sampling locations, from which suspended sediment, bottom sediment, and active floodplain sediment samples were collected and analyzed in an accredited laboratory. Most of the selected thresholds were found to be below the limits for sediments established by Romanian legislation, except for Cr and Ni, the higher values of which are consistent with the specific geological background of the country and the broader Balkan region.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2458geochemical backgroundtrace elementspollution indicesenvironmental quality standardsLower Danube Basinsediment
spellingShingle Anca-Marina Vîjdea
Iustina Popescu
Alexandru Anton Ivanov
Veronica Elena Alexe
Natalia-Silvia Asimopolos
Lidia Lenuța Bălan
Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin
Applied Sciences
geochemical background
trace elements
pollution indices
environmental quality standards
Lower Danube Basin
sediment
title Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin
title_full Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin
title_fullStr Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin
title_full_unstemmed Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin
title_short Geochemical Background Values for the Characterization of Sediment Contamination with Trace Elements in Romania: A Case Study in the Lower Danube Basin
title_sort geochemical background values for the characterization of sediment contamination with trace elements in romania a case study in the lower danube basin
topic geochemical background
trace elements
pollution indices
environmental quality standards
Lower Danube Basin
sediment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2458
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