Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes
At present worldwide about 45% of the manufactured plastic materials and 40% of synthetic rubber are obtained by free radical polymerization processes. The first free radically synthesized polymers were produced between 1910 and 1930 by initiation with peroxy compounds. In the 1940s the polymerizati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2009-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Polymer Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/893234 |
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| author | Dietrich Braun |
| author_facet | Dietrich Braun |
| author_sort | Dietrich Braun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | At present worldwide about 45% of the manufactured plastic materials and 40% of synthetic rubber are obtained by free radical polymerization processes. The first free radically synthesized polymers were produced between 1910 and 1930 by initiation with peroxy compounds. In the 1940s the polymerization by redox processes was found independently and simultaneously at IG Farben in Germany and ICI in Great Britain. In the 1950s the systematic investigation of azo compounds as free radical initiators followed. Compounds with labile C–C-bonds were investigated as initiators only in the period from the end of the 1960s until the early 1980s. At about the same time, iniferters with cleavable S–S-bonds were studied in detail. Both these initiator classes can be designated as predecessors for “living” or controlled free radical polymerizations with nitroxyl-mediated polymerizations, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer processes (RAFT), and atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e9f6d6b1087a4c029cf9cd18c04639d2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9422 1687-9430 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2009-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Polymer Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e9f6d6b1087a4c029cf9cd18c04639d22025-02-03T01:28:40ZengWileyInternational Journal of Polymer Science1687-94221687-94302009-01-01200910.1155/2009/893234893234Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization ProcessesDietrich Braun0Deutsches Kunststoff-Institut, Schlossgartenstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, GermanyAt present worldwide about 45% of the manufactured plastic materials and 40% of synthetic rubber are obtained by free radical polymerization processes. The first free radically synthesized polymers were produced between 1910 and 1930 by initiation with peroxy compounds. In the 1940s the polymerization by redox processes was found independently and simultaneously at IG Farben in Germany and ICI in Great Britain. In the 1950s the systematic investigation of azo compounds as free radical initiators followed. Compounds with labile C–C-bonds were investigated as initiators only in the period from the end of the 1960s until the early 1980s. At about the same time, iniferters with cleavable S–S-bonds were studied in detail. Both these initiator classes can be designated as predecessors for “living” or controlled free radical polymerizations with nitroxyl-mediated polymerizations, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer processes (RAFT), and atom transfer radical polymerizations (ATRP).http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/893234 |
| spellingShingle | Dietrich Braun Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes International Journal of Polymer Science |
| title | Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes |
| title_full | Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes |
| title_fullStr | Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes |
| title_short | Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes |
| title_sort | origins and development of initiation of free radical polymerization processes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/893234 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dietrichbraun originsanddevelopmentofinitiationoffreeradicalpolymerizationprocesses |