Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain
Abstract Valorization of poultry waste is a significant challenge addressed in this study, which aimed to produce cost-effective and sustainable peptones from poultry waste. The isolation process yielded the highly potent proteolytic B.subtilis isolate P6, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01794-1 |
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| author | Hajar Saeed Anthony Ragaey Ziad Samy Viola Ashraf Aly ElMostafa Norhan Ahmad Enjy Bebawy Nour ElHoda M. Sorour Salwa M. El-Sayed Ashraf Bakry Naglaa Ebeed Hesham Elhariry Thanaa El-Noby Samah H. Abu-Hussien |
| author_facet | Hajar Saeed Anthony Ragaey Ziad Samy Viola Ashraf Aly ElMostafa Norhan Ahmad Enjy Bebawy Nour ElHoda M. Sorour Salwa M. El-Sayed Ashraf Bakry Naglaa Ebeed Hesham Elhariry Thanaa El-Noby Samah H. Abu-Hussien |
| author_sort | Hajar Saeed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Valorization of poultry waste is a significant challenge addressed in this study, which aimed to produce cost-effective and sustainable peptones from poultry waste. The isolation process yielded the highly potent proteolytic B.subtilis isolate P6, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing to share 94% similarity with the B.subtilis strain KEMET024 (GenBank accession number PP694485.1) and deposited in MIRCEN culture collection, Cairo, Egypt as EMCC 998871. It reached optimal production levels during 24 h of incubation, with biomass at 2.5 g/L, protease activity at 455 U/mL, and total amino acid (TAA) concentration at 208 mg/mL. For screening the most significant factors for peptone production, the Plackett–Burman design identified meat and bone meal concentration as the main significant factor influencing total amino acid reaching 420 mg/mL. BOX-Behnken design optimized peptone production increasing its production level by twofold to reach 2850 U/mL of protease activity and 580 mg/mL of total amino acids. The produced peptone demonstrated a superior amino acid profile compared to commercial peptones, with a remarkably higher total amino acid content of 621.556 mg/g and elevated levels of essential amino acids like aspartic acid (37.745%), glutamic acid (90.876%), glycine (117.272%), and alanine (50.373%). Characterization revealed optimal pH and temperature conditions of around pH 8 and 50–60°C, respectively, for the proteolytic activity. The Michaelis–Menten and Lineweaver–Burk plots determined a Km of 0.5 mg/mL and Vmax of 174.08 U/mL suggesting cooperative substrate binding and providing insights into the enzyme’s maximum rate and affinity. The produced peptone exhibited minimal cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (≤ 1 mg/mL), with cell viability exceeding 94% against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. However, higher concentrations (≥ 3 mg/mL) displayed increased cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the results strongly indicate that the produced peptone, particularly at 0.5% concentration, is an effective nitrogen source for B. subtilis cultivation, demonstrating its potential for biotechnological applications. This study successfully valorized poultry waste by developing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to commercial peptones, contributing to waste valorization and sustainable biotechnological processes. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e996667760ac4b8599aef5d4cbf0337e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2191-0855 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e996667760ac4b8599aef5d4cbf0337e2025-01-19T12:39:57ZengSpringerOpenAMB Express2191-08552025-01-0115112010.1186/s13568-024-01794-1Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strainHajar Saeed0Anthony Ragaey1Ziad Samy2Viola Ashraf3Aly ElMostafa4Norhan Ahmad5Enjy Bebawy6Nour ElHoda M. Sorour7Salwa M. El-Sayed8Ashraf Bakry9Naglaa Ebeed10Hesham Elhariry11Thanaa El-Noby12Samah H. Abu-Hussien13Biotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityBiotechnology Program, New Programs Administration, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, -Hadayek ShoubraDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityAbstract Valorization of poultry waste is a significant challenge addressed in this study, which aimed to produce cost-effective and sustainable peptones from poultry waste. The isolation process yielded the highly potent proteolytic B.subtilis isolate P6, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing to share 94% similarity with the B.subtilis strain KEMET024 (GenBank accession number PP694485.1) and deposited in MIRCEN culture collection, Cairo, Egypt as EMCC 998871. It reached optimal production levels during 24 h of incubation, with biomass at 2.5 g/L, protease activity at 455 U/mL, and total amino acid (TAA) concentration at 208 mg/mL. For screening the most significant factors for peptone production, the Plackett–Burman design identified meat and bone meal concentration as the main significant factor influencing total amino acid reaching 420 mg/mL. BOX-Behnken design optimized peptone production increasing its production level by twofold to reach 2850 U/mL of protease activity and 580 mg/mL of total amino acids. The produced peptone demonstrated a superior amino acid profile compared to commercial peptones, with a remarkably higher total amino acid content of 621.556 mg/g and elevated levels of essential amino acids like aspartic acid (37.745%), glutamic acid (90.876%), glycine (117.272%), and alanine (50.373%). Characterization revealed optimal pH and temperature conditions of around pH 8 and 50–60°C, respectively, for the proteolytic activity. The Michaelis–Menten and Lineweaver–Burk plots determined a Km of 0.5 mg/mL and Vmax of 174.08 U/mL suggesting cooperative substrate binding and providing insights into the enzyme’s maximum rate and affinity. The produced peptone exhibited minimal cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (≤ 1 mg/mL), with cell viability exceeding 94% against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. However, higher concentrations (≥ 3 mg/mL) displayed increased cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the results strongly indicate that the produced peptone, particularly at 0.5% concentration, is an effective nitrogen source for B. subtilis cultivation, demonstrating its potential for biotechnological applications. This study successfully valorized poultry waste by developing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to commercial peptones, contributing to waste valorization and sustainable biotechnological processes. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01794-1Poultry waste valorizationPeptone productionBacillus subtilisAmino acidsProteases |
| spellingShingle | Hajar Saeed Anthony Ragaey Ziad Samy Viola Ashraf Aly ElMostafa Norhan Ahmad Enjy Bebawy Nour ElHoda M. Sorour Salwa M. El-Sayed Ashraf Bakry Naglaa Ebeed Hesham Elhariry Thanaa El-Noby Samah H. Abu-Hussien Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain AMB Express Poultry waste valorization Peptone production Bacillus subtilis Amino acids Proteases |
| title | Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain |
| title_full | Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain |
| title_fullStr | Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain |
| title_short | Optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly Egyptian Bacillus subtilis strain |
| title_sort | optimization and characterization studies of poultry waste valorization for peptone production using a newly egyptian bacillus subtilis strain |
| topic | Poultry waste valorization Peptone production Bacillus subtilis Amino acids Proteases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01794-1 |
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