Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design
Itraconazole (ITZ) is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent suitable for the treatment of superficial and systemic mycoses. This study aimed to formulate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antifungal performance of single-jet electrospun itraconazole-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone-based fibe...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Emőke-Margit Rédai Orsolya Péterfi Attila Levente Gergely Enikő Barabás Andrada Pintea Paula Antonoaea Robert-Alexandru Vlad Nicoleta Todoran Cornelia-Titiana Cotoi Adriana Ciurba Emese Sipos |
| author_facet | Emőke-Margit Rédai Orsolya Péterfi Attila Levente Gergely Enikő Barabás Andrada Pintea Paula Antonoaea Robert-Alexandru Vlad Nicoleta Todoran Cornelia-Titiana Cotoi Adriana Ciurba Emese Sipos |
| author_sort | Emőke-Margit Rédai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Itraconazole (ITZ) is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent suitable for the treatment of superficial and systemic mycoses. This study aimed to formulate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antifungal performance of single-jet electrospun itraconazole-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone-based fibers. Fibrous mats were prepared under the following experimental conditions: 10, 12.5, and 15 cm needle–collector distance, 20 kV tension, and 1, 1.5, and 2 mL/hour flow rate. The fibers were characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, assays, disintegration tests, dissolution tests, and in vitro antifungal activity. Using a 2<sup>2</sup> factorial design, the effects of preparation variables on the characteristics of the fibrous sheets were described. The electrospinning process led to smooth-surfaced, randomly oriented, and bead-free fibers. The average fiber diameter ranged from 887 nm to 1175 nm. The scanning calorimetry of pure ITZ revealed a sharp endothermic melting point at a temperature of 170 °C, not present in the curves of the fibers. After 60 min, between 70 and 100% of ITZ was released. The antifungal assay revealed that the fibers inhibited the growth of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida parapyilosis</i>. The obtained fiber mats prepared from the hydrophilic polymer presented almost instantaneous disintegration, with potential applications for rapid antifungal delivery in oral or topical pharmaceutical form. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e928f95fd5024a8d8122cbbae525937e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-e928f95fd5024a8d8122cbbae525937e2025-01-24T13:20:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115271010.3390/app15020710Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial DesignEmőke-Margit Rédai0Orsolya Péterfi1Attila Levente Gergely2Enikő Barabás3Andrada Pintea4Paula Antonoaea5Robert-Alexandru Vlad6Nicoleta Todoran7Cornelia-Titiana Cotoi8Adriana Ciurba9Emese Sipos10Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Calea Sighisoarei nr. 2., 540485 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Cellular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaDepartment of Industrial Pharmacy and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, RomaniaItraconazole (ITZ) is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent suitable for the treatment of superficial and systemic mycoses. This study aimed to formulate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antifungal performance of single-jet electrospun itraconazole-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone-based fibers. Fibrous mats were prepared under the following experimental conditions: 10, 12.5, and 15 cm needle–collector distance, 20 kV tension, and 1, 1.5, and 2 mL/hour flow rate. The fibers were characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, assays, disintegration tests, dissolution tests, and in vitro antifungal activity. Using a 2<sup>2</sup> factorial design, the effects of preparation variables on the characteristics of the fibrous sheets were described. The electrospinning process led to smooth-surfaced, randomly oriented, and bead-free fibers. The average fiber diameter ranged from 887 nm to 1175 nm. The scanning calorimetry of pure ITZ revealed a sharp endothermic melting point at a temperature of 170 °C, not present in the curves of the fibers. After 60 min, between 70 and 100% of ITZ was released. The antifungal assay revealed that the fibers inhibited the growth of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida parapyilosis</i>. The obtained fiber mats prepared from the hydrophilic polymer presented almost instantaneous disintegration, with potential applications for rapid antifungal delivery in oral or topical pharmaceutical form.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/710polyvinylpyrrolidoneitraconazolefibrous sheetsantifungaldissolution |
| spellingShingle | Emőke-Margit Rédai Orsolya Péterfi Attila Levente Gergely Enikő Barabás Andrada Pintea Paula Antonoaea Robert-Alexandru Vlad Nicoleta Todoran Cornelia-Titiana Cotoi Adriana Ciurba Emese Sipos Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design Applied Sciences polyvinylpyrrolidone itraconazole fibrous sheets antifungal dissolution |
| title | Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design |
| title_full | Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design |
| title_fullStr | Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design |
| title_short | Production, Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Itraconazole-Loaded Fibrous Sheets Prepared by Electrospinning with a Factorial Design |
| title_sort | production characterization and in vitro antifungal evaluation of itraconazole loaded fibrous sheets prepared by electrospinning with a factorial design |
| topic | polyvinylpyrrolidone itraconazole fibrous sheets antifungal dissolution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/710 |
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