Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden

Abstract Deeply fractured rocks of meteorite impact craters are suggested as prime niches for subsurface microbial colonization. Methane can be a product of such microbial communities and seeps of methane from impact craters on Earth are of strong interest as they act as analogs for Mars. Previous s...

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Main Authors: Femke van Dam, Riikka Kietäväinen, George Westmeijer, Manuel Reinhardt, Shuhei Ono, Mark Dopson, Marcelo Ketzer, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Henrik Drake
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-01-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06418-8
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author Femke van Dam
Riikka Kietäväinen
George Westmeijer
Manuel Reinhardt
Shuhei Ono
Mark Dopson
Marcelo Ketzer
Jennifer C. McIntosh
Henrik Drake
author_facet Femke van Dam
Riikka Kietäväinen
George Westmeijer
Manuel Reinhardt
Shuhei Ono
Mark Dopson
Marcelo Ketzer
Jennifer C. McIntosh
Henrik Drake
author_sort Femke van Dam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Deeply fractured rocks of meteorite impact craters are suggested as prime niches for subsurface microbial colonization. Methane can be a product of such microbial communities and seeps of methane from impact craters on Earth are of strong interest as they act as analogs for Mars. Previous studies report signs of ancient microbial methanogenesis in the Devonian Siljan meteorite impact structure in Sweden, but the proportion of microbial methane, metabolic pathways, and potential modern activity remain elusive. In this study, gas composition, hydrochemistry, oil organic geochemistry, and microbial community analyses are reported in 400 m deep fractures of the Siljan impact structure. The results showed a dominantly microbial origin for methane, which was supported by highly negative δ13CCH4 and positive δ13CCO2 values along with multiply substituted isotopologues (Δ13CH3D) that indicated disequilibrium fractionation due to microbial kinetic isotope effects. The presence of C2 to C5 hydrocarbons suggested a minor thermogenic input in the gas mix. Characterization of the microbial community via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR indicated a low abundance of several methanogenic archaeal populations, which is common for settings with active methanogenesis. Evidence of oil biodegradation suggested that secondary microbial hydrocarbon utilization was involved in the methanogenesis. Low sulfate and high alkalinity in the groundwaters also suggested a dominantly microbial methane formation driven by infiltration of freshwater that was coupled to sulfate reduction and secondary utilization of early mature thermogenic hydrocarbons.
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spelling doaj-art-e8ffce6520cf40928811f7f5ca14a0222025-08-20T01:48:03ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-01-017111710.1007/s42452-024-06418-8Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, SwedenFemke van Dam0Riikka Kietäväinen1George Westmeijer2Manuel Reinhardt3Shuhei Ono4Mark Dopson5Marcelo Ketzer6Jennifer C. McIntosh7Henrik Drake8Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus UniversityGeological Survey of Finland (GTK)Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus UniversityDepartment of Geobiology, Univeristy of GöttingenDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCentre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus UniversityDepartment of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus UniversityDepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of ArizonaDepartment of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus UniversityAbstract Deeply fractured rocks of meteorite impact craters are suggested as prime niches for subsurface microbial colonization. Methane can be a product of such microbial communities and seeps of methane from impact craters on Earth are of strong interest as they act as analogs for Mars. Previous studies report signs of ancient microbial methanogenesis in the Devonian Siljan meteorite impact structure in Sweden, but the proportion of microbial methane, metabolic pathways, and potential modern activity remain elusive. In this study, gas composition, hydrochemistry, oil organic geochemistry, and microbial community analyses are reported in 400 m deep fractures of the Siljan impact structure. The results showed a dominantly microbial origin for methane, which was supported by highly negative δ13CCH4 and positive δ13CCO2 values along with multiply substituted isotopologues (Δ13CH3D) that indicated disequilibrium fractionation due to microbial kinetic isotope effects. The presence of C2 to C5 hydrocarbons suggested a minor thermogenic input in the gas mix. Characterization of the microbial community via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR indicated a low abundance of several methanogenic archaeal populations, which is common for settings with active methanogenesis. Evidence of oil biodegradation suggested that secondary microbial hydrocarbon utilization was involved in the methanogenesis. Low sulfate and high alkalinity in the groundwaters also suggested a dominantly microbial methane formation driven by infiltration of freshwater that was coupled to sulfate reduction and secondary utilization of early mature thermogenic hydrocarbons.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06418-8MethanogensImpact craterClumped isotopologuesHydrocarbon degradation
spellingShingle Femke van Dam
Riikka Kietäväinen
George Westmeijer
Manuel Reinhardt
Shuhei Ono
Mark Dopson
Marcelo Ketzer
Jennifer C. McIntosh
Henrik Drake
Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
Discover Applied Sciences
Methanogens
Impact crater
Clumped isotopologues
Hydrocarbon degradation
title Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
title_full Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
title_fullStr Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
title_full_unstemmed Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
title_short Microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the Siljan impact structure, Sweden
title_sort microbial methanogenesis fueled by freshwater infiltration and oil biodegradation in the siljan impact structure sweden
topic Methanogens
Impact crater
Clumped isotopologues
Hydrocarbon degradation
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06418-8
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