Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges

Additive manufacturing (AM) of copper is subject to dynamic development regarding available processes and the quality of produced parts. While challenging, AM processes for copper provide parts with a quality comparable to other metallic material groups like steels. The reasons for the lower prevale...

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Main Authors: Moritz Benedikt Schäfle, Michel Fett, Julian Gärtner, Eckhard Kirchner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/4/109
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author Moritz Benedikt Schäfle
Michel Fett
Julian Gärtner
Eckhard Kirchner
author_facet Moritz Benedikt Schäfle
Michel Fett
Julian Gärtner
Eckhard Kirchner
author_sort Moritz Benedikt Schäfle
collection DOAJ
description Additive manufacturing (AM) of copper is subject to dynamic development regarding available processes and the quality of produced parts. While challenging, AM processes for copper provide parts with a quality comparable to other metallic material groups like steels. The reasons for the lower prevalence of additive manufacturing of copper components in industrial applications are currently not sufficiently researched, especially in light of the significant progress made in the maturity of this technology. A survey is used to investigate the assessments of protagonists in the field of copper AM. The needs of current and potential users of copper AM are analyzed and outlined. This study reveals that the most relevant technical limitation for users is the reduced surface quality of parts, while overall processes need to become less costly and more reliable to find broader use. Answers given hint to a higher degree of automation, the possibility of multi-material processing, and the upscaling of machine and part sizes as relevant future trends in the copper AM sector.
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spelling doaj-art-e8bfca5a6b014a2c8dcb4406dfea8dd62025-08-20T03:13:47ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942025-03-019410910.3390/jmmp9040109Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and ChallengesMoritz Benedikt Schäfle0Michel Fett1Julian Gärtner2Eckhard Kirchner3Institute for Product Development and Machine Elements, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Product Development and Machine Elements, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Product Development and Machine Elements, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Product Development and Machine Elements, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, GermanyAdditive manufacturing (AM) of copper is subject to dynamic development regarding available processes and the quality of produced parts. While challenging, AM processes for copper provide parts with a quality comparable to other metallic material groups like steels. The reasons for the lower prevalence of additive manufacturing of copper components in industrial applications are currently not sufficiently researched, especially in light of the significant progress made in the maturity of this technology. A survey is used to investigate the assessments of protagonists in the field of copper AM. The needs of current and potential users of copper AM are analyzed and outlined. This study reveals that the most relevant technical limitation for users is the reduced surface quality of parts, while overall processes need to become less costly and more reliable to find broader use. Answers given hint to a higher degree of automation, the possibility of multi-material processing, and the upscaling of machine and part sizes as relevant future trends in the copper AM sector.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/4/109surveycopperadditive manufacturingpart quality
spellingShingle Moritz Benedikt Schäfle
Michel Fett
Julian Gärtner
Eckhard Kirchner
Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
survey
copper
additive manufacturing
part quality
title Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges
title_full Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges
title_fullStr Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges
title_short Additive Manufacturing of Copper—A Survey on Current Needs and Challenges
title_sort additive manufacturing of copper a survey on current needs and challenges
topic survey
copper
additive manufacturing
part quality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/4/109
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AT michelfett additivemanufacturingofcopperasurveyoncurrentneedsandchallenges
AT juliangartner additivemanufacturingofcopperasurveyoncurrentneedsandchallenges
AT eckhardkirchner additivemanufacturingofcopperasurveyoncurrentneedsandchallenges