Allolobophora caliginosa as bioindicator for chitosan–saponin–bentonite nanocomposite contaminated soil
Abstract The usage of nanocomposites in water treatment has risen, resulting in their leaking into the soil, which is a major environmental concern. Earthworm (Allolobophora caliginosa) is used as a bioindicator that can accumulate most pollutants, even if they are present in low concentrations. The...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07708-w |
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