Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse
Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can mitigate the significant threats of high-temperature stress to the yield and quality of cucumber fruit during summer. This study aims to elucidate the response mechanisms of cucumber fruit metabolomics under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and high-temp...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Horticulturae |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/10 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588382116511744 |
|---|---|
| author | Xian Du Yang Song Lu Pan Shimao Cui |
| author_facet | Xian Du Yang Song Lu Pan Shimao Cui |
| author_sort | Xian Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can mitigate the significant threats of high-temperature stress to the yield and quality of cucumber fruit during summer. This study aims to elucidate the response mechanisms of cucumber fruit metabolomics under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and high-temperature stress while also exploring the potential benefits of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in mitigating the adverse effects of high temperatures. The fruits of the experimental material cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L., ’Jinyou 35’) were grown under soil conditions in the greenhouse. We used untargeted metabolomics methods to analyze the effects of varying temperatures (normal temperatures of 25 to 35 °C and high temperatures of 35 to 45 °C) and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (400 ± 20 µmol/mol and 1200 ± 20 µmol/mol) on the morpho-physiological traits, yield-associated traits, and metabolomic profiles of cucumber fruits. The results showed that, under high-temperature stress, elevated carbon dioxide concentrations altered 27 differential metabolites, including tyramine, xylitol, linolenic acid, L-asparagine, α-linolenic acid, and L-phenylalanine. These alterations are associated with the metabolic pathways of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutathione, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylic acids. Compared to adding carbon dioxide at normal temperatures, elevated carbon dioxide at high temperatures modified 38 differential metabolites, including vitamin B6, L-citrulline, inositol, L-aspartic acid, sucrose, and palmitic acid. These modifications were linked to the galactose metabolic pathway and the zeatin and arginine biosynthetic pathways. The accumulation of cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine is essential to form the antioxidant glutathione; thus, cucumber fruits with a higher amino acid content exhibit an enhanced capacity to withstand severe high-temperature stress. Under high-temperature conditions, elevated carbon dioxide adds complexity to changes in differential metabolites within cucumber fruits. These fruits accumulate sugars, organic acids, and amino acids through the galactose metabolism pathway (map00052), the arginine biosynthesis pathway (map00220), and the glutamate synthesis pathway (map00250), thereby improving their heat resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e87dd17f1ada403f9235c8700274e4a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-e87dd17f1ada403f9235c8700274e4a72025-01-24T13:34:27ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-12-011111010.3390/horticulturae11010010Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the GreenhouseXian Du0Yang Song1Lu Pan2Shimao Cui3College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaElevated carbon dioxide concentrations can mitigate the significant threats of high-temperature stress to the yield and quality of cucumber fruit during summer. This study aims to elucidate the response mechanisms of cucumber fruit metabolomics under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and high-temperature stress while also exploring the potential benefits of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in mitigating the adverse effects of high temperatures. The fruits of the experimental material cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L., ’Jinyou 35’) were grown under soil conditions in the greenhouse. We used untargeted metabolomics methods to analyze the effects of varying temperatures (normal temperatures of 25 to 35 °C and high temperatures of 35 to 45 °C) and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (400 ± 20 µmol/mol and 1200 ± 20 µmol/mol) on the morpho-physiological traits, yield-associated traits, and metabolomic profiles of cucumber fruits. The results showed that, under high-temperature stress, elevated carbon dioxide concentrations altered 27 differential metabolites, including tyramine, xylitol, linolenic acid, L-asparagine, α-linolenic acid, and L-phenylalanine. These alterations are associated with the metabolic pathways of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutathione, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylic acids. Compared to adding carbon dioxide at normal temperatures, elevated carbon dioxide at high temperatures modified 38 differential metabolites, including vitamin B6, L-citrulline, inositol, L-aspartic acid, sucrose, and palmitic acid. These modifications were linked to the galactose metabolic pathway and the zeatin and arginine biosynthetic pathways. The accumulation of cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine is essential to form the antioxidant glutathione; thus, cucumber fruits with a higher amino acid content exhibit an enhanced capacity to withstand severe high-temperature stress. Under high-temperature conditions, elevated carbon dioxide adds complexity to changes in differential metabolites within cucumber fruits. These fruits accumulate sugars, organic acids, and amino acids through the galactose metabolism pathway (map00052), the arginine biosynthesis pathway (map00220), and the glutamate synthesis pathway (map00250), thereby improving their heat resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/10heat stressCO<sub>2</sub>cucumber fruitssignature metabolitesamino acid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Xian Du Yang Song Lu Pan Shimao Cui Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse Horticulturae heat stress CO<sub>2</sub> cucumber fruits signature metabolites amino acid metabolism |
| title | Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse |
| title_full | Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse |
| title_short | Optimizing Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) Fruit Metabolomics Under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and High-Temperature Stress in the Greenhouse |
| title_sort | optimizing cucumber i cucumis sativus i l fruit metabolomics under elevated co sub 2 sub and high temperature stress in the greenhouse |
| topic | heat stress CO<sub>2</sub> cucumber fruits signature metabolites amino acid metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/10 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiandu optimizingcucumbericucumissativusilfruitmetabolomicsunderelevatedcosub2subandhightemperaturestressinthegreenhouse AT yangsong optimizingcucumbericucumissativusilfruitmetabolomicsunderelevatedcosub2subandhightemperaturestressinthegreenhouse AT lupan optimizingcucumbericucumissativusilfruitmetabolomicsunderelevatedcosub2subandhightemperaturestressinthegreenhouse AT shimaocui optimizingcucumbericucumissativusilfruitmetabolomicsunderelevatedcosub2subandhightemperaturestressinthegreenhouse |