Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities

Abstract This study investigates the in silico anti-arboviral potential of zoochemicals derived from the methanolic extract of Charybdis natator shell, alongside their larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae. Through GC–MS analysis, 27 zoochemicals were identified, demonstrating...

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Main Authors: Karnan Ramachandran, Senthil Bakthavatchalam, Shunmuga Vadivu Ramalingam, Ramachandran Vinayagam, Mukeshwaran Ramesh, Sukumaran Marimuthu, Zhi-Hong Wen, Chandramohan Govindasamy, Khalid M. Almutairi, Yi-Hao Lo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Bioresources and Bioprocessing
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00868-7
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author Karnan Ramachandran
Senthil Bakthavatchalam
Shunmuga Vadivu Ramalingam
Ramachandran Vinayagam
Mukeshwaran Ramesh
Sukumaran Marimuthu
Zhi-Hong Wen
Chandramohan Govindasamy
Khalid M. Almutairi
Yi-Hao Lo
author_facet Karnan Ramachandran
Senthil Bakthavatchalam
Shunmuga Vadivu Ramalingam
Ramachandran Vinayagam
Mukeshwaran Ramesh
Sukumaran Marimuthu
Zhi-Hong Wen
Chandramohan Govindasamy
Khalid M. Almutairi
Yi-Hao Lo
author_sort Karnan Ramachandran
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates the in silico anti-arboviral potential of zoochemicals derived from the methanolic extract of Charybdis natator shell, alongside their larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae. Through GC–MS analysis, 27 zoochemicals were identified, demonstrating promising in silico activity against molecular antiviral targets: DENV2 protease (PDB: 6MO1) for anti-dengue, RNA polymerase (PDB: 5U04) for anti-Zika, and nsP2 protease (PDB: 3TRK) for anti-chikungunya. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.726–0.889) in binding affinities (kcal/mol) suggests a consistent inhibitory mechanism across these targets. Furthermore, PASS analysis indicates higher probabilities of activity (Pa) for insecticidal properties compared to antiviral efficacy, highlighting their dual potential as larvicidal agents and antiviral candidates. The methanolic extract of Charybdis natator shell exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (LC₅₀ = 81.001 µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (R2 = 0.968). In silico analysis further elucidated its inhibitory action on key growth regulators of A. aegypti, underscoring its potential to disrupt larval development. These findings highlight the dual utility of C. natator shell extract in vector management and in mitigating the transmission of arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. The extract's promise as an eco-friendly, cost-effective source for developing novel insecticidal and antiviral agents merits further exploration. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-e86a9e2dd4a548fdb875b1e63c85a64b2025-08-20T03:08:02ZengSpringerOpenBioresources and Bioprocessing2197-43652025-04-0112112910.1186/s40643-025-00868-7Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activitiesKarnan Ramachandran0Senthil Bakthavatchalam1Shunmuga Vadivu Ramalingam2Ramachandran Vinayagam3Mukeshwaran Ramesh4Sukumaran Marimuthu5Zhi-Hong Wen6Chandramohan Govindasamy7Khalid M. Almutairi8Yi-Hao Lo9PG and Research Department of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biochemistry, SRM Dental College, Bharathi SalaiDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam UniversityACS Medical CollegePG and Research Department of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityNational Museum of Marine Biology and AquariumDepartment of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Family Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General HospitalAbstract This study investigates the in silico anti-arboviral potential of zoochemicals derived from the methanolic extract of Charybdis natator shell, alongside their larvicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae. Through GC–MS analysis, 27 zoochemicals were identified, demonstrating promising in silico activity against molecular antiviral targets: DENV2 protease (PDB: 6MO1) for anti-dengue, RNA polymerase (PDB: 5U04) for anti-Zika, and nsP2 protease (PDB: 3TRK) for anti-chikungunya. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.726–0.889) in binding affinities (kcal/mol) suggests a consistent inhibitory mechanism across these targets. Furthermore, PASS analysis indicates higher probabilities of activity (Pa) for insecticidal properties compared to antiviral efficacy, highlighting their dual potential as larvicidal agents and antiviral candidates. The methanolic extract of Charybdis natator shell exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (LC₅₀ = 81.001 µg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner (R2 = 0.968). In silico analysis further elucidated its inhibitory action on key growth regulators of A. aegypti, underscoring its potential to disrupt larval development. These findings highlight the dual utility of C. natator shell extract in vector management and in mitigating the transmission of arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. The extract's promise as an eco-friendly, cost-effective source for developing novel insecticidal and antiviral agents merits further exploration. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00868-7AntiviralArbovirus vectorCharybdis natatorZoo-virucideCrab zoochemicals
spellingShingle Karnan Ramachandran
Senthil Bakthavatchalam
Shunmuga Vadivu Ramalingam
Ramachandran Vinayagam
Mukeshwaran Ramesh
Sukumaran Marimuthu
Zhi-Hong Wen
Chandramohan Govindasamy
Khalid M. Almutairi
Yi-Hao Lo
Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Antiviral
Arbovirus vector
Charybdis natator
Zoo-virucide
Crab zoochemicals
title Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities
title_full Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities
title_fullStr Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities
title_full_unstemmed Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities
title_short Unlocking the dual power of Charybdis natator shell: antiviral and larvicidal activities
title_sort unlocking the dual power of charybdis natator shell antiviral and larvicidal activities
topic Antiviral
Arbovirus vector
Charybdis natator
Zoo-virucide
Crab zoochemicals
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00868-7
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