Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Ischemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1552500/full |
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| author | Yuan Yang Yuan Yang Yushan Duan Jinxi Yue Yue Yin Yiming Ma Xiaohong Wan Jianlin Shao |
| author_facet | Yuan Yang Yuan Yang Yushan Duan Jinxi Yue Yue Yin Yiming Ma Xiaohong Wan Jianlin Shao |
| author_sort | Yuan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ischemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, create excessive autophagy and ferroptosis, and cause inflammation during microglial infiltration. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key challenge in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, thrombolysis (e.g., rt-PA therapy) and mechanical thrombectomy are the primary treatments, but their application is restricted by narrow therapeutic windows (<4.5 h) and risks of hemorrhagic complications. Exosomes reduce CIRI by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, inflammatory responses, and glial cell polarization. In addition, their noncellular characteristics provide a safer alternative to stem cell therapy. This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in CIRI in recent years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e82c233fcdc94de9aea078cc79f87a34 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e82c233fcdc94de9aea078cc79f87a342025-08-20T02:40:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-03-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15525001552500Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuryYuan Yang0Yuan Yang1Yushan Duan2Jinxi Yue3Yue Yin4Yiming Ma5Xiaohong Wan6Jianlin Shao7Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaIschemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, create excessive autophagy and ferroptosis, and cause inflammation during microglial infiltration. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key challenge in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, thrombolysis (e.g., rt-PA therapy) and mechanical thrombectomy are the primary treatments, but their application is restricted by narrow therapeutic windows (<4.5 h) and risks of hemorrhagic complications. Exosomes reduce CIRI by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, inflammatory responses, and glial cell polarization. In addition, their noncellular characteristics provide a safer alternative to stem cell therapy. This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in CIRI in recent years.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1552500/fullcerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuryexosomesmesenchymal stem cellsmitochondriaautophagy |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Yang Yuan Yang Yushan Duan Jinxi Yue Yue Yin Yiming Ma Xiaohong Wan Jianlin Shao Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury Frontiers in Pharmacology cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury exosomes mesenchymal stem cells mitochondria autophagy |
| title | Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury |
| title_full | Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury |
| title_fullStr | Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury |
| title_short | Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury |
| title_sort | exosomes an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury |
| topic | cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury exosomes mesenchymal stem cells mitochondria autophagy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1552500/full |
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