Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Ischemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mi...

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Main Authors: Yuan Yang, Yushan Duan, Jinxi Yue, Yue Yin, Yiming Ma, Xiaohong Wan, Jianlin Shao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1552500/full
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author Yuan Yang
Yuan Yang
Yushan Duan
Jinxi Yue
Yue Yin
Yiming Ma
Xiaohong Wan
Jianlin Shao
author_facet Yuan Yang
Yuan Yang
Yushan Duan
Jinxi Yue
Yue Yin
Yiming Ma
Xiaohong Wan
Jianlin Shao
author_sort Yuan Yang
collection DOAJ
description Ischemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, create excessive autophagy and ferroptosis, and cause inflammation during microglial infiltration. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key challenge in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, thrombolysis (e.g., rt-PA therapy) and mechanical thrombectomy are the primary treatments, but their application is restricted by narrow therapeutic windows (<4.5 h) and risks of hemorrhagic complications. Exosomes reduce CIRI by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, inflammatory responses, and glial cell polarization. In addition, their noncellular characteristics provide a safer alternative to stem cell therapy. This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in CIRI in recent years.
format Article
id doaj-art-e82c233fcdc94de9aea078cc79f87a34
institution DOAJ
issn 1663-9812
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Pharmacology
spelling doaj-art-e82c233fcdc94de9aea078cc79f87a342025-08-20T02:40:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-03-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15525001552500Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuryYuan Yang0Yuan Yang1Yushan Duan2Jinxi Yue3Yue Yin4Yiming Ma5Xiaohong Wan6Jianlin Shao7Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaIschemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, create excessive autophagy and ferroptosis, and cause inflammation during microglial infiltration. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key challenge in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, thrombolysis (e.g., rt-PA therapy) and mechanical thrombectomy are the primary treatments, but their application is restricted by narrow therapeutic windows (<4.5 h) and risks of hemorrhagic complications. Exosomes reduce CIRI by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, inflammatory responses, and glial cell polarization. In addition, their noncellular characteristics provide a safer alternative to stem cell therapy. This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in CIRI in recent years.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1552500/fullcerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuryexosomesmesenchymal stem cellsmitochondriaautophagy
spellingShingle Yuan Yang
Yuan Yang
Yushan Duan
Jinxi Yue
Yue Yin
Yiming Ma
Xiaohong Wan
Jianlin Shao
Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Frontiers in Pharmacology
cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
exosomes
mesenchymal stem cells
mitochondria
autophagy
title Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
title_full Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
title_fullStr Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
title_short Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
title_sort exosomes an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
topic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
exosomes
mesenchymal stem cells
mitochondria
autophagy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1552500/full
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AT yuanyang exosomesaninnovativetherapeutictargetforcerebralischemiareperfusioninjury
AT yushanduan exosomesaninnovativetherapeutictargetforcerebralischemiareperfusioninjury
AT jinxiyue exosomesaninnovativetherapeutictargetforcerebralischemiareperfusioninjury
AT yueyin exosomesaninnovativetherapeutictargetforcerebralischemiareperfusioninjury
AT yimingma exosomesaninnovativetherapeutictargetforcerebralischemiareperfusioninjury
AT xiaohongwan exosomesaninnovativetherapeutictargetforcerebralischemiareperfusioninjury
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