Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller

Abstract Fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (FWUAVs) are widely utilized in both military and civilian sectors due to their ability to perform risky, inaccessible operations. The mathematical model of FWUAVs is complex, incorporating physical laws and coordinate systems with transformation matrices...

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Main Authors: Enanwo Wondem Metekia, Wubshet Ayalew Asfaw, Chala Merga Abdissa, Lebsework Negash Lemma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03552-0
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author Enanwo Wondem Metekia
Wubshet Ayalew Asfaw
Chala Merga Abdissa
Lebsework Negash Lemma
author_facet Enanwo Wondem Metekia
Wubshet Ayalew Asfaw
Chala Merga Abdissa
Lebsework Negash Lemma
author_sort Enanwo Wondem Metekia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (FWUAVs) are widely utilized in both military and civilian sectors due to their ability to perform risky, inaccessible operations. The mathematical model of FWUAVs is complex, incorporating physical laws and coordinate systems with transformation matrices. In addition, controlling FWUAVs is challenging due to their nonlinear and coupled dynamics. This paper focuses on tracking trajectories for fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (FWUAVs) using a Robust Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (RFOSMC). An RFOSMC, which combines a conventional Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) with flexible fractional calculus, is proposed in this paper. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to tune the control gains of RFOSMC. External disturbances and parameter variation are added to evaluate the controller’s performance. Comparative studies have been done with Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Fractional Order PID (FOPID), SMC, and robust FOSMC. RFOSMC performs better than LQR, FOPID, and SMC in tracking accuracy, response speed, and overshoot. In addition, the performance comparison of RFOSMC and conventional SMC has been done based on performance index values of errors (ITAE), and RFOSMC showed a 76.5918% improvement. For a step input, RFOSMC showed the smallest settling time of 0.835s compared with 2.724s for SMC and 4.8573s for FOPID. Open-loop model verification and overall control system of FWUAV are done using MATLAB/Simulink software.
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spelling doaj-art-e829b83bf29e484fba9ea49dedb68cbb2025-08-20T02:05:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115113410.1038/s41598-025-03552-0Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controllerEnanwo Wondem Metekia0Wubshet Ayalew Asfaw1Chala Merga Abdissa2Lebsework Negash Lemma3School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Addis Ababa UniversityAbstract Fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (FWUAVs) are widely utilized in both military and civilian sectors due to their ability to perform risky, inaccessible operations. The mathematical model of FWUAVs is complex, incorporating physical laws and coordinate systems with transformation matrices. In addition, controlling FWUAVs is challenging due to their nonlinear and coupled dynamics. This paper focuses on tracking trajectories for fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (FWUAVs) using a Robust Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (RFOSMC). An RFOSMC, which combines a conventional Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) with flexible fractional calculus, is proposed in this paper. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to tune the control gains of RFOSMC. External disturbances and parameter variation are added to evaluate the controller’s performance. Comparative studies have been done with Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Fractional Order PID (FOPID), SMC, and robust FOSMC. RFOSMC performs better than LQR, FOPID, and SMC in tracking accuracy, response speed, and overshoot. In addition, the performance comparison of RFOSMC and conventional SMC has been done based on performance index values of errors (ITAE), and RFOSMC showed a 76.5918% improvement. For a step input, RFOSMC showed the smallest settling time of 0.835s compared with 2.724s for SMC and 4.8573s for FOPID. Open-loop model verification and overall control system of FWUAV are done using MATLAB/Simulink software.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03552-0Fixed wingUAVTrajectory trackingPSOLQRFOPID
spellingShingle Enanwo Wondem Metekia
Wubshet Ayalew Asfaw
Chala Merga Abdissa
Lebsework Negash Lemma
Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
Scientific Reports
Fixed wing
UAV
Trajectory tracking
PSO
LQR
FOPID
title Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
title_full Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
title_fullStr Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
title_full_unstemmed Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
title_short Control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
title_sort control of a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle using a robust fractional order controller
topic Fixed wing
UAV
Trajectory tracking
PSO
LQR
FOPID
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03552-0
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AT wubshetayalewasfaw controlofafixedwingunmannedaerialvehicleusingarobustfractionalordercontroller
AT chalamergaabdissa controlofafixedwingunmannedaerialvehicleusingarobustfractionalordercontroller
AT lebseworknegashlemma controlofafixedwingunmannedaerialvehicleusingarobustfractionalordercontroller