Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation

<i>Calocybe indica</i> (milky mushroom), an edible mushroom with significant nutritional value, shows potential for cultivation in subtropical regions. Investigating the composition and diversity of the microbial community structure of the casing materials of <i>C. indica</i>...

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Main Authors: Jia-Ling Zhao, Yuan-Yuan Shao, Bin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/667
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author Jia-Ling Zhao
Yuan-Yuan Shao
Bin Liu
author_facet Jia-Ling Zhao
Yuan-Yuan Shao
Bin Liu
author_sort Jia-Ling Zhao
collection DOAJ
description <i>Calocybe indica</i> (milky mushroom), an edible mushroom with significant nutritional value, shows potential for cultivation in subtropical regions. Investigating the composition and diversity of the microbial community structure of the casing materials of <i>C. indica</i> is of great significance for understanding the stable yield of the mushroom. This study evaluated four casing materials—loamy soil (LS), loamy soil + cow dung (LS + CD), loamy soil + sand (LS + S), and plant ash (PA)—for their effects on mushroom yield, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial dynamics. The results demonstrated that LS + CD significantly enhanced the yield (2078.50 g) and fruiting body quality, with the shortest pinhead formation time (7.67 days) and superior morphological traits (e.g., cap diameter: 10.10 cm). Physicochemical analysis revealed LS + CD’s elevated moisture retention (19.7%), nutrient availability (e.g., available P: 59.63 mg/kg), and microbial biomass (C: 399.22 mg/kg), alongside a distinct microbial community dominated by Basidiomycota and Actinobacteria. Conversely, LS + S exhibited poor performance due to low water retention and nutrient deficiencies. Redundancy analysis highlighted strong correlations between soil nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) and microbial composition, with LS + CD fostering a microbiome conducive to mushroom growth. These findings underscore LS + CD as the optimal casing material for <i>C. indica</i> cultivation, improving both yield and soil health. Future studies should explore the functional roles of key microbes and refine organic amendments for sustainable practices.
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spelling doaj-art-e81085e19f9041cd95b4ea546e545cfd2025-08-20T02:21:10ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-06-0111666710.3390/horticulturae11060667Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) CultivationJia-Ling Zhao0Yuan-Yuan Shao1Bin Liu2Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, ChinaInstitute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China<i>Calocybe indica</i> (milky mushroom), an edible mushroom with significant nutritional value, shows potential for cultivation in subtropical regions. Investigating the composition and diversity of the microbial community structure of the casing materials of <i>C. indica</i> is of great significance for understanding the stable yield of the mushroom. This study evaluated four casing materials—loamy soil (LS), loamy soil + cow dung (LS + CD), loamy soil + sand (LS + S), and plant ash (PA)—for their effects on mushroom yield, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial dynamics. The results demonstrated that LS + CD significantly enhanced the yield (2078.50 g) and fruiting body quality, with the shortest pinhead formation time (7.67 days) and superior morphological traits (e.g., cap diameter: 10.10 cm). Physicochemical analysis revealed LS + CD’s elevated moisture retention (19.7%), nutrient availability (e.g., available P: 59.63 mg/kg), and microbial biomass (C: 399.22 mg/kg), alongside a distinct microbial community dominated by Basidiomycota and Actinobacteria. Conversely, LS + S exhibited poor performance due to low water retention and nutrient deficiencies. Redundancy analysis highlighted strong correlations between soil nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) and microbial composition, with LS + CD fostering a microbiome conducive to mushroom growth. These findings underscore LS + CD as the optimal casing material for <i>C. indica</i> cultivation, improving both yield and soil health. Future studies should explore the functional roles of key microbes and refine organic amendments for sustainable practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/667<i>Calocybe indica</i>casing materialhigh throughputmicrobial diversity
spellingShingle Jia-Ling Zhao
Yuan-Yuan Shao
Bin Liu
Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation
Horticulturae
<i>Calocybe indica</i>
casing material
high throughput
microbial diversity
title Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation
title_full Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation
title_fullStr Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation
title_full_unstemmed Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation
title_short Microbiome Dynamics in Four Different Casing Materials Used for Milky Mushroom (<i>Calocybe indica</i>) Cultivation
title_sort microbiome dynamics in four different casing materials used for milky mushroom i calocybe indica i cultivation
topic <i>Calocybe indica</i>
casing material
high throughput
microbial diversity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/667
work_keys_str_mv AT jialingzhao microbiomedynamicsinfourdifferentcasingmaterialsusedformilkymushroomicalocybeindicaicultivation
AT yuanyuanshao microbiomedynamicsinfourdifferentcasingmaterialsusedformilkymushroomicalocybeindicaicultivation
AT binliu microbiomedynamicsinfourdifferentcasingmaterialsusedformilkymushroomicalocybeindicaicultivation