Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are widely used as feed additives to enhance the immunity, and productivity in the poultry industries. But over usage of AGPs has led to multi drug-resistance among pathogens. Nonspecific immunomodulators like probiotics have emerged as competent replacements of AG...

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Main Authors: Neha Halder, Siddhartha Narayan Joardar, Jai Sunder, Arun Kumar De, Debasis Bhattacharya, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Rea Maja Kobialka, Madathiparambil Gopalakrishnan Madanan, Samiran Mondal
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625167/full
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author Neha Halder
Neha Halder
Siddhartha Narayan Joardar
Jai Sunder
Arun Kumar De
Debasis Bhattacharya
Ahmed Abd El Wahed
Rea Maja Kobialka
Madathiparambil Gopalakrishnan Madanan
Samiran Mondal
author_facet Neha Halder
Neha Halder
Siddhartha Narayan Joardar
Jai Sunder
Arun Kumar De
Debasis Bhattacharya
Ahmed Abd El Wahed
Rea Maja Kobialka
Madathiparambil Gopalakrishnan Madanan
Samiran Mondal
author_sort Neha Halder
collection DOAJ
description Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are widely used as feed additives to enhance the immunity, and productivity in the poultry industries. But over usage of AGPs has led to multi drug-resistance among pathogens. Nonspecific immunomodulators like probiotics have emerged as competent replacements of AGPs. Probiotics plays a key role in gut microbial health by its mechanism of action and modulation of host immune system. No prior research has been conducted in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India to elucidate the direct influence of probiotics on health and immunity of backyard poultry. To explore an efficient alternative to AGP, a commercial multi strain probiotics (BifilacR) was evaluated in Vanaraja, a popular backyard poultry breed reared in the islands. 120 newly hatched Vanaraja chicks were chosen, 30 chicks were randomly allocated into 4 different groups for 60 days. For the negative control (NC), chicks were fed only basal diet. For the positive control (PC), chicks were fed with basal diet + AGP (Tetracycline). Test group (T1) was fed basal diet + 0.1% of BifilacR. The test group (T2) was fed basal diet + 0.3% of BifilacR. The results showed that the mean body weight of chicks supplemented with 0.1% (T1) and 0.3% (T2) of multi-strain probiotics was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control groups. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in FCR was also observed among T1 and T2 at different time intervals. Both T1 and T2 expressed significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, BUN, total bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT at different time intervals than the control groups. A significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) was noticed in T1 and T2 groups in the levels of triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc, total cholesterol, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation at different time intervals. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in the levels of HSP70, IL4, IL2, and lymphocyte proliferation in T1 and T2 compared to the control groups. After histomorphological analysis, an increase (p ≤ 0.001) in villus height (μm) and crypt depth (μm) in duodenum and jejunum were noticed in T1 and T2. In short, multi-strain probiotics supplementation showed its potential as an overall growth promoter in terms of improved growth performance, favorable physiological functions, enhanced immunomodulatory effects and better intestinal morphology in a widely reared backyard poultry breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, hence can be nominated as a potential alternative to commercial antibiotics at ground level.
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spelling doaj-art-e7e9b7ea6ea64cd89db90c248adaea5f2025-08-20T03:41:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-08-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16251671625167Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, IndiaNeha Halder0Neha Halder1Siddhartha Narayan Joardar2Jai Sunder3Arun Kumar De4Debasis Bhattacharya5Ahmed Abd El Wahed6Rea Maja Kobialka7Madathiparambil Gopalakrishnan Madanan8Samiran Mondal9Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (I.C.A.R-C.I.A.R.I), Port Blair, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (W.B.U.A.F.S), Kolkata, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (W.B.U.A.F.S), Kolkata, IndiaDivision of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (I.C.A.R-C.I.A.R.I), Port Blair, IndiaDivision of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (I.C.A.R-C.I.A.R.I), Port Blair, IndiaDivision of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (I.C.A.R-C.I.A.R.I), Port Blair, IndiaInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyDivision of Biochemistry, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre (I.C.M.R-R.M.R.C), Port Blair, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (W.B.U.A.F.S), Kolkata, IndiaAntibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are widely used as feed additives to enhance the immunity, and productivity in the poultry industries. But over usage of AGPs has led to multi drug-resistance among pathogens. Nonspecific immunomodulators like probiotics have emerged as competent replacements of AGPs. Probiotics plays a key role in gut microbial health by its mechanism of action and modulation of host immune system. No prior research has been conducted in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India to elucidate the direct influence of probiotics on health and immunity of backyard poultry. To explore an efficient alternative to AGP, a commercial multi strain probiotics (BifilacR) was evaluated in Vanaraja, a popular backyard poultry breed reared in the islands. 120 newly hatched Vanaraja chicks were chosen, 30 chicks were randomly allocated into 4 different groups for 60 days. For the negative control (NC), chicks were fed only basal diet. For the positive control (PC), chicks were fed with basal diet + AGP (Tetracycline). Test group (T1) was fed basal diet + 0.1% of BifilacR. The test group (T2) was fed basal diet + 0.3% of BifilacR. The results showed that the mean body weight of chicks supplemented with 0.1% (T1) and 0.3% (T2) of multi-strain probiotics was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control groups. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in FCR was also observed among T1 and T2 at different time intervals. Both T1 and T2 expressed significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, BUN, total bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT at different time intervals than the control groups. A significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) was noticed in T1 and T2 groups in the levels of triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc, total cholesterol, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation at different time intervals. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in the levels of HSP70, IL4, IL2, and lymphocyte proliferation in T1 and T2 compared to the control groups. After histomorphological analysis, an increase (p ≤ 0.001) in villus height (μm) and crypt depth (μm) in duodenum and jejunum were noticed in T1 and T2. In short, multi-strain probiotics supplementation showed its potential as an overall growth promoter in terms of improved growth performance, favorable physiological functions, enhanced immunomodulatory effects and better intestinal morphology in a widely reared backyard poultry breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, hence can be nominated as a potential alternative to commercial antibiotics at ground level.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625167/fullAndaman and Nicobar Islandsmulti-strain probioticsbackyard poultrygrowth promoterimmunomodulationserum biochemistry
spellingShingle Neha Halder
Neha Halder
Siddhartha Narayan Joardar
Jai Sunder
Arun Kumar De
Debasis Bhattacharya
Ahmed Abd El Wahed
Rea Maja Kobialka
Madathiparambil Gopalakrishnan Madanan
Samiran Mondal
Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Frontiers in Microbiology
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
multi-strain probiotics
backyard poultry
growth promoter
immunomodulation
serum biochemistry
title Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
title_full Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
title_fullStr Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
title_full_unstemmed Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
title_short Impact of multi-strain probiotics supplementation on growth, immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
title_sort impact of multi strain probiotics supplementation on growth immune responses and physiological traits in backyard poultry of andaman and nicobar islands india
topic Andaman and Nicobar Islands
multi-strain probiotics
backyard poultry
growth promoter
immunomodulation
serum biochemistry
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625167/full
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