Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system

Abstract Countries are urged to advance the energy transition in a just, orderly, and equitable manner, yet the appropriate pathway remains unclear. Using a provincial-level, hourly-dispatched power system model of China that incorporates intertemporal decisions on early retirement and carbon captur...

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Main Authors: Kangxin An, Xinzhu Zheng, Jianxiang Shen, Canyang Xie, Can Wang, Wenjia Cai, Chujie Bu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57559-2
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author Kangxin An
Xinzhu Zheng
Jianxiang Shen
Canyang Xie
Can Wang
Wenjia Cai
Chujie Bu
author_facet Kangxin An
Xinzhu Zheng
Jianxiang Shen
Canyang Xie
Can Wang
Wenjia Cai
Chujie Bu
author_sort Kangxin An
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Countries are urged to advance the energy transition in a just, orderly, and equitable manner, yet the appropriate pathway remains unclear. Using a provincial-level, hourly-dispatched power system model of China that incorporates intertemporal decisions on early retirement and carbon capture retrofitting, our study reveals that for coal-rich but gas-poor economies, repositioning coal power from a baseload resource to a flexibility provider can accelerate net-zero transition of the power system in three aspects. First, when achieving the same emissions reduction target, it mitigates stranded assets by decreasing the average lifespan loss of coal power by 7.9-9.6 years and enhancing the long-term competitiveness of retrofitted coal power. Second, it enables the integration of an additional 194-245 gigawatts of variable renewables by 2030 under the same carbon emissions reduction trajectory. Third, it reduces China’s power system transition costs by approximately 176 billion U.S. Dollars, particularly in the face of costly gas power and energy storage technologies. These robust findings underscore the need for appropriate policies to incentivize the flexible dispatch, orderly retirement, and carbon capture retrofitting of coal power, thereby accelerating the decarbonization of China’s power system.
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issn 2041-1723
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spelling doaj-art-e7d8cf264fbc4b9cabdd6abe16abfd842025-08-20T02:59:54ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-57559-2Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power systemKangxin An0Xinzhu Zheng1Jianxiang Shen2Canyang Xie3Can Wang4Wenjia Cai5Chujie Bu6State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum–BeijingDepartment of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityDepartment of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityAbstract Countries are urged to advance the energy transition in a just, orderly, and equitable manner, yet the appropriate pathway remains unclear. Using a provincial-level, hourly-dispatched power system model of China that incorporates intertemporal decisions on early retirement and carbon capture retrofitting, our study reveals that for coal-rich but gas-poor economies, repositioning coal power from a baseload resource to a flexibility provider can accelerate net-zero transition of the power system in three aspects. First, when achieving the same emissions reduction target, it mitigates stranded assets by decreasing the average lifespan loss of coal power by 7.9-9.6 years and enhancing the long-term competitiveness of retrofitted coal power. Second, it enables the integration of an additional 194-245 gigawatts of variable renewables by 2030 under the same carbon emissions reduction trajectory. Third, it reduces China’s power system transition costs by approximately 176 billion U.S. Dollars, particularly in the face of costly gas power and energy storage technologies. These robust findings underscore the need for appropriate policies to incentivize the flexible dispatch, orderly retirement, and carbon capture retrofitting of coal power, thereby accelerating the decarbonization of China’s power system.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57559-2
spellingShingle Kangxin An
Xinzhu Zheng
Jianxiang Shen
Canyang Xie
Can Wang
Wenjia Cai
Chujie Bu
Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system
Nature Communications
title Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system
title_full Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system
title_fullStr Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system
title_full_unstemmed Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system
title_short Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system
title_sort repositioning coal power to accelerate net zero transition of china s power system
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57559-2
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