Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle

Growth traits are among the most important economic phenotypes targeted in the genetic improvement of beef cattle. To understand the genetic basis of growth traits in Huaxi cattle, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body weight, eye muscle area, and back fat thickness across five...

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Main Authors: Cheng-Li Liu, Tao Ren, Peng-Cheng Ruan, Yong-Fu Huang, Simone Ceccobelli, De-Jun Huang, Lu-Pei Zhang, Guang-Xin E
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/109
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author Cheng-Li Liu
Tao Ren
Peng-Cheng Ruan
Yong-Fu Huang
Simone Ceccobelli
De-Jun Huang
Lu-Pei Zhang
Guang-Xin E
author_facet Cheng-Li Liu
Tao Ren
Peng-Cheng Ruan
Yong-Fu Huang
Simone Ceccobelli
De-Jun Huang
Lu-Pei Zhang
Guang-Xin E
author_sort Cheng-Li Liu
collection DOAJ
description Growth traits are among the most important economic phenotypes targeted in the genetic improvement of beef cattle. To understand the genetic basis of growth traits in Huaxi cattle, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body weight, eye muscle area, and back fat thickness across five developmental stages in a population of 202 Huaxi cattle. Additionally, publicly available RNA-seq data from the longissimus dorsi muscle of both young and adult cattle were analyzed to identify key genes and genetic markers associated with growth in Huaxi cattle. In total, 7.19 million high-quality variant loci (SNPs and INDELs) were identified across all samples. In the GWAS, the three multilocus models (FarmCPU, MLMM, and BLINK) outperformed the conventional single-locus models (CMLM, GLM, and MLM). Consequently, GWAS analysis was conducted using multilocus models, which identified 99 variant loci significantly associated with growth traits and annotated a total of 83 candidate genes (CDGs). Additionally, 23 of the 83 CDGs overlapped with significantly differentially expressed genes identified from public RNA-seq datasets of longissimus dorsi muscle between young and adult cattle. Furthermore, gene functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analyses revealed that over 30% of the pathways and GO terms were associated with muscle development and fat deposition, crucial factors for beef production. Specifically, key genes identified included <i>MGLL</i>, <i>SGMS1</i>, <i>SNX29</i> and <i>AKAP6</i>, which are implicated in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and muscle growth. In summary, this study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying growth traits in Huaxi cattle and presents promising markers for future breeding improvements.
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spelling doaj-art-e7c454b42a6f4e579c1124b1fe7e8def2025-08-20T03:12:10ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-02-0112210910.3390/vetsci12020109Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi CattleCheng-Li Liu0Tao Ren1Peng-Cheng Ruan2Yong-Fu Huang3Simone Ceccobelli4De-Jun Huang5Lu-Pei Zhang6Guang-Xin E7College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, ItalyChongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaGrowth traits are among the most important economic phenotypes targeted in the genetic improvement of beef cattle. To understand the genetic basis of growth traits in Huaxi cattle, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on body weight, eye muscle area, and back fat thickness across five developmental stages in a population of 202 Huaxi cattle. Additionally, publicly available RNA-seq data from the longissimus dorsi muscle of both young and adult cattle were analyzed to identify key genes and genetic markers associated with growth in Huaxi cattle. In total, 7.19 million high-quality variant loci (SNPs and INDELs) were identified across all samples. In the GWAS, the three multilocus models (FarmCPU, MLMM, and BLINK) outperformed the conventional single-locus models (CMLM, GLM, and MLM). Consequently, GWAS analysis was conducted using multilocus models, which identified 99 variant loci significantly associated with growth traits and annotated a total of 83 candidate genes (CDGs). Additionally, 23 of the 83 CDGs overlapped with significantly differentially expressed genes identified from public RNA-seq datasets of longissimus dorsi muscle between young and adult cattle. Furthermore, gene functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analyses revealed that over 30% of the pathways and GO terms were associated with muscle development and fat deposition, crucial factors for beef production. Specifically, key genes identified included <i>MGLL</i>, <i>SGMS1</i>, <i>SNX29</i> and <i>AKAP6</i>, which are implicated in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and muscle growth. In summary, this study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying growth traits in Huaxi cattle and presents promising markers for future breeding improvements.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/109GWASRNA-seqmuscle developmentfat depositionHuaxi cattle
spellingShingle Cheng-Li Liu
Tao Ren
Peng-Cheng Ruan
Yong-Fu Huang
Simone Ceccobelli
De-Jun Huang
Lu-Pei Zhang
Guang-Xin E
Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle
Veterinary Sciences
GWAS
RNA-seq
muscle development
fat deposition
Huaxi cattle
title Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle
title_full Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle
title_fullStr Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle
title_full_unstemmed Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle
title_short Genome-Wide Association Integrating a Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Suggests That Genes Related to Fat Deposition and Muscle Development Are Closely Associated with Growth in Huaxi Cattle
title_sort genome wide association integrating a transcriptomic meta analysis suggests that genes related to fat deposition and muscle development are closely associated with growth in huaxi cattle
topic GWAS
RNA-seq
muscle development
fat deposition
Huaxi cattle
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/109
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