Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Most studies with asthma have been performed in patients being otherwise healthy. However, in real life, comorbid diseases are very common in adult patients. We revie...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3690628 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832548743325417472 |
|---|---|
| author | Hannu Kankaanranta Paula Kauppi Leena E. Tuomisto Pinja Ilmarinen |
| author_facet | Hannu Kankaanranta Paula Kauppi Leena E. Tuomisto Pinja Ilmarinen |
| author_sort | Hannu Kankaanranta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Most studies with asthma have been performed in patients being otherwise healthy. However, in real life, comorbid diseases are very common in adult patients. We review here the emerging comorbid conditions to asthma such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and cardiac and psychiatric diseases. Their role as risk factors for incident asthma and whether they affect clinical asthma are evaluated. Obesity, independently or as a part of metabolic syndrome, DM2, and depression are risk factors for incident asthma. In contrast, the effects of comorbidities on clinical asthma are less well-known and mostly studies are lacking. Cross-sectional studies in obese asthmatics suggest that they may have less well controlled asthma and worse lung function. However, no long-term clinical follow-up studies with these comorbidities and asthma were identified. These emerging comorbidities often occur in the same multimorbid adult patient and may have in common metabolic pathways and inflammatory or other alterations such as early life exposures, systemic inflammation, inflammasome, adipokines, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lung mechanics, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed nitric oxide metabolism, and leukotrienes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7975dfb85094023abe3fab02f63dbb9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7975dfb85094023abe3fab02f63dbb92025-02-03T06:13:11ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/36906283690628Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and MechanismsHannu Kankaanranta0Paula Kauppi1Leena E. Tuomisto2Pinja Ilmarinen3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, FinlandDepartment of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, 00029 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, FinlandDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, FinlandAsthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Most studies with asthma have been performed in patients being otherwise healthy. However, in real life, comorbid diseases are very common in adult patients. We review here the emerging comorbid conditions to asthma such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and cardiac and psychiatric diseases. Their role as risk factors for incident asthma and whether they affect clinical asthma are evaluated. Obesity, independently or as a part of metabolic syndrome, DM2, and depression are risk factors for incident asthma. In contrast, the effects of comorbidities on clinical asthma are less well-known and mostly studies are lacking. Cross-sectional studies in obese asthmatics suggest that they may have less well controlled asthma and worse lung function. However, no long-term clinical follow-up studies with these comorbidities and asthma were identified. These emerging comorbidities often occur in the same multimorbid adult patient and may have in common metabolic pathways and inflammatory or other alterations such as early life exposures, systemic inflammation, inflammasome, adipokines, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lung mechanics, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed nitric oxide metabolism, and leukotrienes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3690628 |
| spellingShingle | Hannu Kankaanranta Paula Kauppi Leena E. Tuomisto Pinja Ilmarinen Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms |
| title_full | Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms |
| title_short | Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms |
| title_sort | emerging comorbidities in adult asthma risks clinical associations and mechanisms |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3690628 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hannukankaanranta emergingcomorbiditiesinadultasthmarisksclinicalassociationsandmechanisms AT paulakauppi emergingcomorbiditiesinadultasthmarisksclinicalassociationsandmechanisms AT leenaetuomisto emergingcomorbiditiesinadultasthmarisksclinicalassociationsandmechanisms AT pinjailmarinen emergingcomorbiditiesinadultasthmarisksclinicalassociationsandmechanisms |