From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes

Abstract Background Microbe-based biostimulants offer a sustainable and promising alternative to synthetic inputs, potentially reducing or replacing conventional inputs in crop management. Studying the native microbiota, particularly endophytic microbes, helps in selecting those that are naturally a...

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Main Authors: Francesco Maria Fagnano, Valeria Ventorino, Edoardo Pasolli, Ida Romano, Patrizia Ambrosino, Olimpia Pepe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06447-4
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author Francesco Maria Fagnano
Valeria Ventorino
Edoardo Pasolli
Ida Romano
Patrizia Ambrosino
Olimpia Pepe
author_facet Francesco Maria Fagnano
Valeria Ventorino
Edoardo Pasolli
Ida Romano
Patrizia Ambrosino
Olimpia Pepe
author_sort Francesco Maria Fagnano
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Microbe-based biostimulants offer a sustainable and promising alternative to synthetic inputs, potentially reducing or replacing conventional inputs in crop management. Studying the native microbiota, particularly endophytic microbes, helps in selecting those that are naturally adapted to persist and to enhance plant growth under specific environmental conditions. This study aims to define the endophytic microbiota adapted to tomato crops by selecting discriminant amplicon sequence variant (ASVs) that are enriched during key plant growth stages and found in the core microbiota. Results This study presents a large-scale analysis of tomato root endophytic prokaryotic microbiota using 16 S sequencing across the most common and widespread conditions used for tomato cultivation, offering comprehensive insight into its structure and dynamics. The results revealed a predominance of the Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria phyla; less abundant groups included Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, and Firmicutes. Core microbiota analysis and discriminant ASV identification across different plant growth stages enabled the selection of the most abundant and persistent taxa adapted to the tomato endorhizosphere. Streptomyces, Shinella, Devosia, and Pseudoxanthomonas, as well as the lesser known genera Variovorax, Pseudarthrobacter, and Lechevalieria, represented the key genera identified, suggesting long-term host‒microbe associations. Conclusions The description of the representative framework of the tomato-associated microbiota and the identification of its most important components provide a basis for developing tailored microbial formulations that can increase crop resilience and reduce dependence on synthetic agricultural inputs, aimed at developing more sustainable environmental management strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-e7533d93f7bd4e0aaeb0d40a03b9db352025-08-20T03:04:58ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-04-0125111510.1186/s12870-025-06447-4From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytesFrancesco Maria Fagnano0Valeria Ventorino1Edoardo Pasolli2Ida Romano3Patrizia Ambrosino4Olimpia Pepe5Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIAgriges S.r.l.– Nutrizione Speciale per L’Agricoltura Biologica e IntegrataDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIAbstract Background Microbe-based biostimulants offer a sustainable and promising alternative to synthetic inputs, potentially reducing or replacing conventional inputs in crop management. Studying the native microbiota, particularly endophytic microbes, helps in selecting those that are naturally adapted to persist and to enhance plant growth under specific environmental conditions. This study aims to define the endophytic microbiota adapted to tomato crops by selecting discriminant amplicon sequence variant (ASVs) that are enriched during key plant growth stages and found in the core microbiota. Results This study presents a large-scale analysis of tomato root endophytic prokaryotic microbiota using 16 S sequencing across the most common and widespread conditions used for tomato cultivation, offering comprehensive insight into its structure and dynamics. The results revealed a predominance of the Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria phyla; less abundant groups included Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, and Firmicutes. Core microbiota analysis and discriminant ASV identification across different plant growth stages enabled the selection of the most abundant and persistent taxa adapted to the tomato endorhizosphere. Streptomyces, Shinella, Devosia, and Pseudoxanthomonas, as well as the lesser known genera Variovorax, Pseudarthrobacter, and Lechevalieria, represented the key genera identified, suggesting long-term host‒microbe associations. Conclusions The description of the representative framework of the tomato-associated microbiota and the identification of its most important components provide a basis for developing tailored microbial formulations that can increase crop resilience and reduce dependence on synthetic agricultural inputs, aimed at developing more sustainable environmental management strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06447-4EndorhizospherePlant growth promotionMicrobe-host interactionsSustainable agricultureCore microbiotaDiscriminant ASVs
spellingShingle Francesco Maria Fagnano
Valeria Ventorino
Edoardo Pasolli
Ida Romano
Patrizia Ambrosino
Olimpia Pepe
From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
BMC Plant Biology
Endorhizosphere
Plant growth promotion
Microbe-host interactions
Sustainable agriculture
Core microbiota
Discriminant ASVs
title From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
title_full From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
title_fullStr From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
title_full_unstemmed From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
title_short From microbiome to biostimulants: unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
title_sort from microbiome to biostimulants unlocking the potential of tomato root endophytes
topic Endorhizosphere
Plant growth promotion
Microbe-host interactions
Sustainable agriculture
Core microbiota
Discriminant ASVs
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06447-4
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