Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth

Plants of the genus <i>Betula pendula</i> (Betulaceae) have been used as antiseptics in the treatment of skin diseases. While the bark of this plant has so far been used as a medicinal raw material, our research has revealed that the leaves are an extremely valuable source of health-prom...

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Main Authors: Łukasz Kucharski, Edyta Kucharska, Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska, Anna Nowak, Robert Pełech
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3658
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author Łukasz Kucharski
Edyta Kucharska
Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska
Anna Nowak
Robert Pełech
author_facet Łukasz Kucharski
Edyta Kucharska
Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska
Anna Nowak
Robert Pełech
author_sort Łukasz Kucharski
collection DOAJ
description Plants of the genus <i>Betula pendula</i> (Betulaceae) have been used as antiseptics in the treatment of skin diseases. While the bark of this plant has so far been used as a medicinal raw material, our research has revealed that the leaves are an extremely valuable source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, especially polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of a novel lotion from the <i>Betula pendula</i> leaf and its phenolic content was determined using the DPPH and FRAP assays and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and a qualitative analysis was conducted using the GC-MS method. The antiseptic preparation was also subjected to HPLC analysis for an assessment of the phenolic acids content (gallic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acids). The shake flask method was used to determine the partition coefficient of the lotion to assess its lipophilicity. A new ethanol-reduced antiseptic lotion containing antimicrobial ingredients was evaluated using standard killing methods (EN 13697:2019 and EN 13697:2015) at 60 ± 10 s and 300 ± 10 s against six microorganisms. The aim of these tests was to determine whether the formulation exhibited performance like a traditional ethanol. In addition, hand disinfection tests were also carried out using the preparation obtained from <i>B. pendula</i> leaves in accordance with EN 1500:2013, using <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain K12 NCTC 10538. According to the results, high polyphenol contents (52 ± 2 mg GAE/g dry raw material) and other antioxidant and biologically active substances identified by GC-MS (phytol, alpha-tocospiro B, sitosterol, or dilauryl thiodipropionate) can be thought of as the parameters responsible for the effective activity of the preparation derived from birch leaves. Gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid had the greatest concentrations among the phenolic acids examined. The mean 60 s kill time was >99.9 for the new antiseptic against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 6538 (at a concentration of 30 g/100 mL) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 15442 (at a concentration of 40 g/100 mL), while ethanol showed the same reduction for these microorganisms at a concentration of 80 g/100 mL.
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spelling doaj-art-e73cfaed821e4175a9db36d1cc93ca4e2025-08-20T03:06:24ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157365810.3390/app15073658Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> RothŁukasz Kucharski0Edyta Kucharska1Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska2Anna Nowak3Robert Pełech4Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-70322 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-70322 Szczecin, PolandPlants of the genus <i>Betula pendula</i> (Betulaceae) have been used as antiseptics in the treatment of skin diseases. While the bark of this plant has so far been used as a medicinal raw material, our research has revealed that the leaves are an extremely valuable source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, especially polyphenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of a novel lotion from the <i>Betula pendula</i> leaf and its phenolic content was determined using the DPPH and FRAP assays and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and a qualitative analysis was conducted using the GC-MS method. The antiseptic preparation was also subjected to HPLC analysis for an assessment of the phenolic acids content (gallic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acids). The shake flask method was used to determine the partition coefficient of the lotion to assess its lipophilicity. A new ethanol-reduced antiseptic lotion containing antimicrobial ingredients was evaluated using standard killing methods (EN 13697:2019 and EN 13697:2015) at 60 ± 10 s and 300 ± 10 s against six microorganisms. The aim of these tests was to determine whether the formulation exhibited performance like a traditional ethanol. In addition, hand disinfection tests were also carried out using the preparation obtained from <i>B. pendula</i> leaves in accordance with EN 1500:2013, using <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain K12 NCTC 10538. According to the results, high polyphenol contents (52 ± 2 mg GAE/g dry raw material) and other antioxidant and biologically active substances identified by GC-MS (phytol, alpha-tocospiro B, sitosterol, or dilauryl thiodipropionate) can be thought of as the parameters responsible for the effective activity of the preparation derived from birch leaves. Gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid had the greatest concentrations among the phenolic acids examined. The mean 60 s kill time was >99.9 for the new antiseptic against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 6538 (at a concentration of 30 g/100 mL) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 15442 (at a concentration of 40 g/100 mL), while ethanol showed the same reduction for these microorganisms at a concentration of 80 g/100 mL.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3658leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Rothbiologically active preparationslog Pbioactive compoundsantioxidative potentialantimicrobial activity
spellingShingle Łukasz Kucharski
Edyta Kucharska
Anna Muzykiewicz-Szymańska
Anna Nowak
Robert Pełech
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
Applied Sciences
leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
biologically active preparations
log P
bioactive compounds
antioxidative potential
antimicrobial activity
title Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
title_full Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
title_fullStr Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
title_full_unstemmed Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
title_short Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Antiseptic Lotion from the Leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
title_sort chemical composition antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of novel antiseptic lotion from the leaves of i betula pendula i roth
topic leaves of <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth
biologically active preparations
log P
bioactive compounds
antioxidative potential
antimicrobial activity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3658
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