Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin

Abstract Accurate parameterization of hydrological models is essential for simulating water availability and managing water resource sustainably, especially in regions with limited data and those vulnerable to climate change. This study assesses the sensitivity of critical hydrological parameters an...

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Main Authors: Elias Fiseha Mekonnen, Gebremariam Adane Getu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Water
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00247-5
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author Elias Fiseha Mekonnen
Gebremariam Adane Getu
author_facet Elias Fiseha Mekonnen
Gebremariam Adane Getu
author_sort Elias Fiseha Mekonnen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Accurate parameterization of hydrological models is essential for simulating water availability and managing water resource sustainably, especially in regions with limited data and those vulnerable to climate change. This study assesses the sensitivity of critical hydrological parameters and identifies optimal ranges using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model in the Borkena River Sub-basin of the Awash Basin in Ethiopia. In addition to the spatial data of the sub-basin, meteorological and hydrological data from 1991 to 2020 were utilized for model calibration in this study. Through a manual sensitivity analysis, eight key hydrological parameters were examined to determine their influence on streamflow simulations. The model performance was evaluated using metrics such as Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Percentage of Bias (PBIAS), and Coefficient of Determination (R2). The Runoff Resistance Factor (RRF) and Soil Water Capacity (SWC) were identified as the most sensitive parameters. By identifying optimal parameter ranges, the model’s reliability was enhanced, resulting in model performance improved significantly with NSE = 0.83, RMSE = 14.56, PBIAS = − 2.93, and R2 = 0.98. This study enhances hydrological modeling practices by advancing calibration methods for the WEAP model, which has significant implications for regional water resource management.
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spelling doaj-art-e72eef79800d482eafd2f35a6493e72d2025-08-20T04:01:36ZengSpringerDiscover Water2730-647X2025-07-015111910.1007/s43832-025-00247-5Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basinElias Fiseha Mekonnen0Gebremariam Adane Getu1Meteorological Research, Education and Training Lead Executive Office, Ethiopian Meteorology InstituteIntegrated Sector Oriented Meteorological Service Lead Executive Office, Ethiopian Meteorology InstituteAbstract Accurate parameterization of hydrological models is essential for simulating water availability and managing water resource sustainably, especially in regions with limited data and those vulnerable to climate change. This study assesses the sensitivity of critical hydrological parameters and identifies optimal ranges using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model in the Borkena River Sub-basin of the Awash Basin in Ethiopia. In addition to the spatial data of the sub-basin, meteorological and hydrological data from 1991 to 2020 were utilized for model calibration in this study. Through a manual sensitivity analysis, eight key hydrological parameters were examined to determine their influence on streamflow simulations. The model performance was evaluated using metrics such as Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Percentage of Bias (PBIAS), and Coefficient of Determination (R2). The Runoff Resistance Factor (RRF) and Soil Water Capacity (SWC) were identified as the most sensitive parameters. By identifying optimal parameter ranges, the model’s reliability was enhanced, resulting in model performance improved significantly with NSE = 0.83, RMSE = 14.56, PBIAS = − 2.93, and R2 = 0.98. This study enhances hydrological modeling practices by advancing calibration methods for the WEAP model, which has significant implications for regional water resource management.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00247-5Borkena River Sub-basinHydrological sensitivityWEAP modelCalibrationWater resource management
spellingShingle Elias Fiseha Mekonnen
Gebremariam Adane Getu
Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin
Discover Water
Borkena River Sub-basin
Hydrological sensitivity
WEAP model
Calibration
Water resource management
title Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin
title_full Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin
title_fullStr Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin
title_full_unstemmed Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin
title_short Hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the Borkena River Sub-basin
title_sort hydrological parameter sensitivity analysis for water evaluation and planning model calibration in the borkena river sub basin
topic Borkena River Sub-basin
Hydrological sensitivity
WEAP model
Calibration
Water resource management
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00247-5
work_keys_str_mv AT eliasfisehamekonnen hydrologicalparametersensitivityanalysisforwaterevaluationandplanningmodelcalibrationintheborkenariversubbasin
AT gebremariamadanegetu hydrologicalparametersensitivityanalysisforwaterevaluationandplanningmodelcalibrationintheborkenariversubbasin