Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus

The addition of Bacillus subtilis to the diet can enhance the natural defenses of aquatic creatures and improve their ability to combat diseases. We conducted a study to assess the effects of different concentrations (1.5×106 CFU/g, 1.5×107 CFU/g, and 1.5×108 CFU/g) of B. subtilis on the growth, dev...

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Main Authors: Duanduan Chen, Shouquan Wang, Kai An, Xiujuan Feng, Yubao Li, Hui Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424005763
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author Duanduan Chen
Shouquan Wang
Kai An
Xiujuan Feng
Yubao Li
Hui Wang
author_facet Duanduan Chen
Shouquan Wang
Kai An
Xiujuan Feng
Yubao Li
Hui Wang
author_sort Duanduan Chen
collection DOAJ
description The addition of Bacillus subtilis to the diet can enhance the natural defenses of aquatic creatures and improve their ability to combat diseases. We conducted a study to assess the effects of different concentrations (1.5×106 CFU/g, 1.5×107 CFU/g, and 1.5×108 CFU/g) of B. subtilis on the growth, development, immune response, and gut microbiota of Cherax quadricarinatus over a 45-day period. The highest final weight and growth rate were observed in the group that received 1.5×106 CFU/g of B. subtilis. Furthermore, enzyme activities—including α-amylase, trypsin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)—were higher in the groups supplemented with B. subtilis compared to those in the control group. Analysis of the gut microbiome through metagenomic sequencing showed consistent levels of α-Proteobacteria but varying levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Aeromonas was inhibited during the early stages of culture, leading to enhanced resistance to infection in crayfish that received B. subtilis supplementation. Subsequent infection tests with Aeromonas versonii revealed significantly higher enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and SOD) in the experimental groups. The expression of antilipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and SOD was also notably higher in the experimental groups. Overall, supplementing with B. subtilis showed beneficial effects on the immune response and gut microbiota composition in red claw crayfish.
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spelling doaj-art-e70fd77e51d64de4b4e137d7d78308292025-08-20T02:51:34ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342024-12-013910248810.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102488Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatusDuanduan Chen0Shouquan Wang1Kai An2Xiujuan Feng3Yubao Li4Hui Wang5Phage Research Center of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China; Corresponding authors.Shandong Zhonglin Dongping Lake Development Co, Ltd, Shandong 271500, ChinaShandong Zhonglin Dongping Lake Development Co, Ltd, Shandong 271500, ChinaNanJing Police University, No.28 Wenlan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaPhage Research Center of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China; Corresponding authors.Phage Research Center of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Corresponding author at: Phage Research Center of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.The addition of Bacillus subtilis to the diet can enhance the natural defenses of aquatic creatures and improve their ability to combat diseases. We conducted a study to assess the effects of different concentrations (1.5×106 CFU/g, 1.5×107 CFU/g, and 1.5×108 CFU/g) of B. subtilis on the growth, development, immune response, and gut microbiota of Cherax quadricarinatus over a 45-day period. The highest final weight and growth rate were observed in the group that received 1.5×106 CFU/g of B. subtilis. Furthermore, enzyme activities—including α-amylase, trypsin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)—were higher in the groups supplemented with B. subtilis compared to those in the control group. Analysis of the gut microbiome through metagenomic sequencing showed consistent levels of α-Proteobacteria but varying levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Aeromonas was inhibited during the early stages of culture, leading to enhanced resistance to infection in crayfish that received B. subtilis supplementation. Subsequent infection tests with Aeromonas versonii revealed significantly higher enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and SOD) in the experimental groups. The expression of antilipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and SOD was also notably higher in the experimental groups. Overall, supplementing with B. subtilis showed beneficial effects on the immune response and gut microbiota composition in red claw crayfish.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424005763Cherax quadricarinatusBacillus subtilisGrowthEnzyme activityIntestinal floraImmunogenes
spellingShingle Duanduan Chen
Shouquan Wang
Kai An
Xiujuan Feng
Yubao Li
Hui Wang
Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus
Aquaculture Reports
Cherax quadricarinatus
Bacillus subtilis
Growth
Enzyme activity
Intestinal flora
Immunogenes
title Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus
title_full Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus
title_fullStr Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus
title_full_unstemmed Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus
title_short Bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance, immune indicators, and stability of the intestinal flora of Cherax quadricarinatus
title_sort bacillus subtilis supplementation enhances the growth performance immune indicators and stability of the intestinal flora of cherax quadricarinatus
topic Cherax quadricarinatus
Bacillus subtilis
Growth
Enzyme activity
Intestinal flora
Immunogenes
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424005763
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