Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles
Abstract To prevent water scarcity, wastewater must be discharged to the surface or groundwater after being treated. Another method is to reuse wastewater in some areas after treatment and evaluate it as much as possible. In this study, it is aimed to recover and reuse the caustic (sodium hydroxide,...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85365-9 |
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| author | Aya Alterkaoui Ozan Eskikaya Bulent Keskinler Nadir Dizge Deepanraj Balakrishnan Pavan Hiremath Nithesh Naik |
| author_facet | Aya Alterkaoui Ozan Eskikaya Bulent Keskinler Nadir Dizge Deepanraj Balakrishnan Pavan Hiremath Nithesh Naik |
| author_sort | Aya Alterkaoui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To prevent water scarcity, wastewater must be discharged to the surface or groundwater after being treated. Another method is to reuse wastewater in some areas after treatment and evaluate it as much as possible. In this study, it is aimed to recover and reuse the caustic (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) used in the recycling of plastic bottles from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater. Chemical substances used in the industry will be significantly reduced with chemical recovery from wastewater. Ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NP010 and NP030) membranes were used for this purpose in our study. Before using nanofiltration membranes, pre-treatment was performed with coagulation-flocculation process to reduce the pollutant accumulation on the membranes. Different coagulants and flocculants were used to find suitable coagulants and flocculants in pre-treatment. The pre-treated wastewater using aluminum oxide, which supplied the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (76.0%), was used in a dead-end filtration system to be filtered through NP010 and NP030 membranes at different pressures (10–30 bar). In the same filtration system, raw wastewater was filtered through a UP150 membrane. Among these treatment scenarios, the best method that could remove pollutants and provide NaOH recovery was selected. After each treatment, pH, conductivity, COD, and NaOH analyses were performed. The maximum NaOH recovery (98.6%) was obtained with the UP150 membrane at 5 bar. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6f1efccdb24414f8ea74ca89c0688ff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6f1efccdb24414f8ea74ca89c0688ff2025-01-26T12:25:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-85365-9Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottlesAya Alterkaoui0Ozan Eskikaya1Bulent Keskinler2Nadir Dizge3Deepanraj Balakrishnan4Pavan Hiremath5Nithesh Naik6Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin UniversityDepartment of Energy Systems Engineering, Tarsus UniversityDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical UniversityDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Mersin UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAbstract To prevent water scarcity, wastewater must be discharged to the surface or groundwater after being treated. Another method is to reuse wastewater in some areas after treatment and evaluate it as much as possible. In this study, it is aimed to recover and reuse the caustic (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) used in the recycling of plastic bottles from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater. Chemical substances used in the industry will be significantly reduced with chemical recovery from wastewater. Ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NP010 and NP030) membranes were used for this purpose in our study. Before using nanofiltration membranes, pre-treatment was performed with coagulation-flocculation process to reduce the pollutant accumulation on the membranes. Different coagulants and flocculants were used to find suitable coagulants and flocculants in pre-treatment. The pre-treated wastewater using aluminum oxide, which supplied the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (76.0%), was used in a dead-end filtration system to be filtered through NP010 and NP030 membranes at different pressures (10–30 bar). In the same filtration system, raw wastewater was filtered through a UP150 membrane. Among these treatment scenarios, the best method that could remove pollutants and provide NaOH recovery was selected. After each treatment, pH, conductivity, COD, and NaOH analyses were performed. The maximum NaOH recovery (98.6%) was obtained with the UP150 membrane at 5 bar.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85365-9PET washing wastewaterCoagulation-flocculationUltrafiltrationNanofiltrationNaOH recoveryWastewater recycling |
| spellingShingle | Aya Alterkaoui Ozan Eskikaya Bulent Keskinler Nadir Dizge Deepanraj Balakrishnan Pavan Hiremath Nithesh Naik Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles Scientific Reports PET washing wastewater Coagulation-flocculation Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration NaOH recovery Wastewater recycling |
| title | Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles |
| title_full | Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles |
| title_fullStr | Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles |
| title_short | Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles |
| title_sort | caustic recovery from caustic containing polyethylene terephthalate pet washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles |
| topic | PET washing wastewater Coagulation-flocculation Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration NaOH recovery Wastewater recycling |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85365-9 |
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