Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement
Background. The ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to bind C1q could affect pathogen neutralization. In this study, we investigated C1q binding and subsequent complement activation by anti-spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) specific antibodies produced following vaccination with eith...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7263740 |
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| author | Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan Fatima M. Ahmad Dima Awajan Raba’a F. Jarrar Nader Alaridah |
| author_facet | Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan Fatima M. Ahmad Dima Awajan Raba’a F. Jarrar Nader Alaridah |
| author_sort | Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. The ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to bind C1q could affect pathogen neutralization. In this study, we investigated C1q binding and subsequent complement activation by anti-spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) specific antibodies produced following vaccination with either the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 or the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV. Methods. Serum samples were collected in the period of July 2021-March 2022. Participants’ demographic data, type of vaccine, date of vaccination, as well as adverse effects of the vaccine were recorded. The serum samples were incubated with S protein RBD-coated plates. Levels of human IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that were bound to the plate, as well as formed C3d, and C5b-9 were compared between different groups of participants. Results. A total of 151 samples were collected from vaccinated (n=116) and nonvaccinated (n=35) participants. Participants who received either one or two doses of BNT162b2 formed higher levels of anti-RBD IgG and IgA than participants who received BBIBP-CorV. The anti-RBD IgG formed following either vaccine bound C1q, but significantly more C1q binding was observed in participants who received BNT162b2. Subsequently, C5b-9 formation was significantly higher in participants who received BNT162b2, while no significant difference in C5b-9 formation was found between the nonvaccinated and BBIBP-CorV groups. The formation of C5b-9 was strongly correlated to C1q binding and not to MBL binding, additionally, the ratio of formed C5b-9/bound C1q was significantly higher in the BNT162b2 group. Conclusion. Anti-RBD IgG formed following vaccination can bind C1q with subsequent complement activation, and the degree of terminal complement pathway activation differed between vaccines, which could play a role in the protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines. Further investigation into the correlation between vaccine protection and vaccine-induced antibodies’ ability to activate complement is required. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6df338953444ff0acbf2e1031321472 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6df338953444ff0acbf2e10313214722025-02-03T06:08:15ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7263740Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate ComplementAnas H. A. Abu-Humaidan0Fatima M. Ahmad1Dima Awajan2Raba’a F. Jarrar3Nader Alaridah4Department of PathologyDepartment of PathologyDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and TherapeuticsDepartment of PathologyDepartment of PathologyBackground. The ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to bind C1q could affect pathogen neutralization. In this study, we investigated C1q binding and subsequent complement activation by anti-spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) specific antibodies produced following vaccination with either the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 or the inactivated vaccine BBIBP-CorV. Methods. Serum samples were collected in the period of July 2021-March 2022. Participants’ demographic data, type of vaccine, date of vaccination, as well as adverse effects of the vaccine were recorded. The serum samples were incubated with S protein RBD-coated plates. Levels of human IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) that were bound to the plate, as well as formed C3d, and C5b-9 were compared between different groups of participants. Results. A total of 151 samples were collected from vaccinated (n=116) and nonvaccinated (n=35) participants. Participants who received either one or two doses of BNT162b2 formed higher levels of anti-RBD IgG and IgA than participants who received BBIBP-CorV. The anti-RBD IgG formed following either vaccine bound C1q, but significantly more C1q binding was observed in participants who received BNT162b2. Subsequently, C5b-9 formation was significantly higher in participants who received BNT162b2, while no significant difference in C5b-9 formation was found between the nonvaccinated and BBIBP-CorV groups. The formation of C5b-9 was strongly correlated to C1q binding and not to MBL binding, additionally, the ratio of formed C5b-9/bound C1q was significantly higher in the BNT162b2 group. Conclusion. Anti-RBD IgG formed following vaccination can bind C1q with subsequent complement activation, and the degree of terminal complement pathway activation differed between vaccines, which could play a role in the protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines. Further investigation into the correlation between vaccine protection and vaccine-induced antibodies’ ability to activate complement is required.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7263740 |
| spellingShingle | Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan Fatima M. Ahmad Dima Awajan Raba’a F. Jarrar Nader Alaridah Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement |
| title_full | Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement |
| title_fullStr | Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement |
| title_short | Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Formed after BNT162b2 Vaccination Can Bind C1q and Activate Complement |
| title_sort | anti sars cov 2 s rbd igg formed after bnt162b2 vaccination can bind c1q and activate complement |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7263740 |
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