Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits

The search for natural sources of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties has intensified in recent years. Among these, Tannat grape pomace (TGP), a primary byproduct of winemaking, stands out for its high phenolic content, although its bioactivity may be affected during gastrointestina...

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Main Authors: Victoria Olt, Jessica Báez, Romina Curbelo, Eduardo Boido, Eduardo Dellacassa, Alejandra Medrano, Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3247
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author Victoria Olt
Jessica Báez
Romina Curbelo
Eduardo Boido
Eduardo Dellacassa
Alejandra Medrano
Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández
author_facet Victoria Olt
Jessica Báez
Romina Curbelo
Eduardo Boido
Eduardo Dellacassa
Alejandra Medrano
Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández
author_sort Victoria Olt
collection DOAJ
description The search for natural sources of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties has intensified in recent years. Among these, Tannat grape pomace (TGP), a primary byproduct of winemaking, stands out for its high phenolic content, although its bioactivity may be affected during gastrointestinal digestion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant (ABTS, ORAC-FL, intracellular ROS inhibition), anti-diabetic (α-glucosidase inhibition), anti-obesity (lipase inhibition), and anti-inflammatory (NO inhibition) properties of five sugar-free biscuits formulated with varying percentages of TGP and sucralose. No significant differences were observed in the bioaccessible fractions (BFs, representing the compounds potentially released in the small intestine) between control biscuits and those enriched with TGP, suggesting limited release of phenolics at this stage. Conversely, the colonic fractions (CFs, simulating the material reaching the colon) from biscuits with higher TGP content exhibited greater bioactivities. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the CF from the biscuit containing 20% TGP and 4% sucralose revealed a high content of procyanidin trimers, indicating the persistence of these specific phenolic compounds after in vitro digestion. These findings suggest that TGP-enriched biscuits may deliver health benefits at the colonic level and support their potential application in the formulation of functional foods. Further microbiota and in vivo studies should be assessed to confirm the latter.
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spelling doaj-art-e6d4da05759a4ac8a3b37f44d25809212025-08-20T03:36:31ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-08-013015324710.3390/molecules30153247Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace BiscuitsVictoria Olt0Jessica Báez1Romina Curbelo2Eduardo Boido3Eduardo Dellacassa4Alejandra Medrano5Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández6Laboratorio de Bioactividad y Nanotecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayLaboratorio de Bioactividad y Nanotecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayÁrea Analítica Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayÁrea Enología y Biotecnología de la Fermentación, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayÁrea Analítica Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayLaboratorio de Bioactividad y Nanotecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayLaboratorio de Bioactividad y Nanotecnología de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, UruguayThe search for natural sources of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties has intensified in recent years. Among these, Tannat grape pomace (TGP), a primary byproduct of winemaking, stands out for its high phenolic content, although its bioactivity may be affected during gastrointestinal digestion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant (ABTS, ORAC-FL, intracellular ROS inhibition), anti-diabetic (α-glucosidase inhibition), anti-obesity (lipase inhibition), and anti-inflammatory (NO inhibition) properties of five sugar-free biscuits formulated with varying percentages of TGP and sucralose. No significant differences were observed in the bioaccessible fractions (BFs, representing the compounds potentially released in the small intestine) between control biscuits and those enriched with TGP, suggesting limited release of phenolics at this stage. Conversely, the colonic fractions (CFs, simulating the material reaching the colon) from biscuits with higher TGP content exhibited greater bioactivities. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the CF from the biscuit containing 20% TGP and 4% sucralose revealed a high content of procyanidin trimers, indicating the persistence of these specific phenolic compounds after in vitro digestion. These findings suggest that TGP-enriched biscuits may deliver health benefits at the colonic level and support their potential application in the formulation of functional foods. Further microbiota and in vivo studies should be assessed to confirm the latter.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3247bioaccessibilitybioactivitybiscuitsin vitro digestionphenolic compoundstannat grape pomace
spellingShingle Victoria Olt
Jessica Báez
Romina Curbelo
Eduardo Boido
Eduardo Dellacassa
Alejandra Medrano
Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández
Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits
Molecules
bioaccessibility
bioactivity
biscuits
in vitro digestion
phenolic compounds
tannat grape pomace
title Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits
title_full Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits
title_fullStr Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits
title_full_unstemmed Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits
title_short Gastrointestinal Digestion Impact on Phenolics and Bioactivity of Tannat Grape Pomace Biscuits
title_sort gastrointestinal digestion impact on phenolics and bioactivity of tannat grape pomace biscuits
topic bioaccessibility
bioactivity
biscuits
in vitro digestion
phenolic compounds
tannat grape pomace
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3247
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