Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications

The processing and distribution of plant-based foods generate substantial waste, including seeds, husks, stalks, roots, and oilseed meals, which are often discarded or repurposed as animal feed. These by-products, however, are rich in bioactive phytochemicals with immense health-promoting and functi...

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Main Authors: Ifrah Usman, Saima Sana, Muhammad Afzaal, Ali Imran, Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, Sadia Sukhera, Muniba Munir, Aasma Asghar, Markos Makiso Urugo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325001504
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author Ifrah Usman
Saima Sana
Muhammad Afzaal
Ali Imran
Hafiza Madiha Jaffar
Sadia Sukhera
Muniba Munir
Aasma Asghar
Markos Makiso Urugo
author_facet Ifrah Usman
Saima Sana
Muhammad Afzaal
Ali Imran
Hafiza Madiha Jaffar
Sadia Sukhera
Muniba Munir
Aasma Asghar
Markos Makiso Urugo
author_sort Ifrah Usman
collection DOAJ
description The processing and distribution of plant-based foods generate substantial waste, including seeds, husks, stalks, roots, and oilseed meals, which are often discarded or repurposed as animal feed. These by-products, however, are rich in bioactive phytochemicals with immense health-promoting and functional potential. Despite this, their industrial application in food products faces significant challenges, such as poor solubility, chemical instability, and limited bioavailability, which hinder their full utilization. Addressing these challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of phytochemicals, which possess bio-functional properties like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, as well as the ability to enrich food products with natural colors, flavors, and antioxidants. This review highlights the innovative applications of nanotechnology and green extraction methods as transformative solutions for improving the extraction and delivery of these phytochemicals. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems, such as nano-liposomes, nano-emulsions, and nano-biopolymers, offer promising approaches to overcome stability, solubility, and bioavailability issues, enabling the incorporation of phytochemicals into food systems while optimizing sensory attributes and enhancing functional efficacy. Furthermore, green extraction methods, which are in alignment with circular economy principles, promote sustainability by reducing food waste and creating high-value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Looking forward, future research should focus on refining nanoparticle encapsulation techniques, exploring synergistic interactions between bioactive compounds, and scaling up these innovations for industrial applications. Additionally, the increasing demand for natural, plant-based ingredients presents an opportunity for the development of sustainable, phytochemical-enriched functional foods and dietary supplements. By addressing current challenges and fostering multidisciplinary collaboration, the valorization of plant food waste has the potential to revolutionize the food and healthcare industries, contributing to global health and sustainability goals.
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spelling doaj-art-e6c2fd400a6947d89ea8b27a999822162025-08-20T02:50:30ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-04-012010177910.1016/j.jafr.2025.101779Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implicationsIfrah Usman0Saima Sana1Muhammad Afzaal2Ali Imran3Hafiza Madiha Jaffar4Sadia Sukhera5Muniba Munir6Aasma Asghar7Markos Makiso Urugo8University Institute of Food Science & Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, PakistanUniversity Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanUniversity Institute of Physical Therapy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanNational institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Nutritional Science, Government College University Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667, Hosaena, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.The processing and distribution of plant-based foods generate substantial waste, including seeds, husks, stalks, roots, and oilseed meals, which are often discarded or repurposed as animal feed. These by-products, however, are rich in bioactive phytochemicals with immense health-promoting and functional potential. Despite this, their industrial application in food products faces significant challenges, such as poor solubility, chemical instability, and limited bioavailability, which hinder their full utilization. Addressing these challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of phytochemicals, which possess bio-functional properties like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, as well as the ability to enrich food products with natural colors, flavors, and antioxidants. This review highlights the innovative applications of nanotechnology and green extraction methods as transformative solutions for improving the extraction and delivery of these phytochemicals. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems, such as nano-liposomes, nano-emulsions, and nano-biopolymers, offer promising approaches to overcome stability, solubility, and bioavailability issues, enabling the incorporation of phytochemicals into food systems while optimizing sensory attributes and enhancing functional efficacy. Furthermore, green extraction methods, which are in alignment with circular economy principles, promote sustainability by reducing food waste and creating high-value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Looking forward, future research should focus on refining nanoparticle encapsulation techniques, exploring synergistic interactions between bioactive compounds, and scaling up these innovations for industrial applications. Additionally, the increasing demand for natural, plant-based ingredients presents an opportunity for the development of sustainable, phytochemical-enriched functional foods and dietary supplements. By addressing current challenges and fostering multidisciplinary collaboration, the valorization of plant food waste has the potential to revolutionize the food and healthcare industries, contributing to global health and sustainability goals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325001504Plant food wastePhytochemicalsNano-encapsulationNano-emulsionNano-particle delivery system
spellingShingle Ifrah Usman
Saima Sana
Muhammad Afzaal
Ali Imran
Hafiza Madiha Jaffar
Sadia Sukhera
Muniba Munir
Aasma Asghar
Markos Makiso Urugo
Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Plant food waste
Phytochemicals
Nano-encapsulation
Nano-emulsion
Nano-particle delivery system
title Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications
title_full Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications
title_fullStr Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications
title_short Phytochemicals in plant food waste: Innovative insight and implications
title_sort phytochemicals in plant food waste innovative insight and implications
topic Plant food waste
Phytochemicals
Nano-encapsulation
Nano-emulsion
Nano-particle delivery system
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325001504
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AT hafizamadihajaffar phytochemicalsinplantfoodwasteinnovativeinsightandimplications
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