The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability
The interaction between gas and dust in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) plays a crucial role in setting the stage for planet formation. In particular, the streaming instability (SI) is well recognized as the mechanism for planetesimal formation out of this interaction. The outer region of PPDs is likely...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add345 |
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| author | Pinghui Huang Xue-Ning Bai |
| author_facet | Pinghui Huang Xue-Ning Bai |
| author_sort | Pinghui Huang |
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| description | The interaction between gas and dust in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) plays a crucial role in setting the stage for planet formation. In particular, the streaming instability (SI) is well recognized as the mechanism for planetesimal formation out of this interaction. The outer region of PPDs is likely subject to the vertical shear instability (VSI), representing a major source of disk turbulence characterized by vertical corrugation that leads to strong dust stirring. In the meantime, the VSI turbulence in 3D generates vortices through the Rossby wave instability (RWI), which can trap dust and thereby promote dust concentration. In this study, we use the multifluid dust module in Athena++ to conduct 2D axisymmetric global simulations of PPDs with mesh refinement and 3D global simulations with modest resolution. In 2D, the VSI corrugation mode is weakened by dust back-reaction, while the SI can still survive regardless of initial conditions. Dust clumping occurs and is seeded by VSI-induced zonal flows. In 3D, dust can settle even more with increased dusty buoyancy, suppressing the VSI corrugation mode. Meanwhile, dust back-reaction enhances dust concentration in RWI vortices, though higher resolution is needed to assess dust clumping. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6b2bfbaaba04aa090b29dd7bf4034182025-08-20T02:34:17ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198617610.3847/1538-4357/add345The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear InstabilityPinghui Huang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-3176Xue-Ning Bai1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-9549CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; phhuang@pmo.ac.cn; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada; Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China ; xbai@tsinghua.edu.cnInstitute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China ; xbai@tsinghua.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaThe interaction between gas and dust in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) plays a crucial role in setting the stage for planet formation. In particular, the streaming instability (SI) is well recognized as the mechanism for planetesimal formation out of this interaction. The outer region of PPDs is likely subject to the vertical shear instability (VSI), representing a major source of disk turbulence characterized by vertical corrugation that leads to strong dust stirring. In the meantime, the VSI turbulence in 3D generates vortices through the Rossby wave instability (RWI), which can trap dust and thereby promote dust concentration. In this study, we use the multifluid dust module in Athena++ to conduct 2D axisymmetric global simulations of PPDs with mesh refinement and 3D global simulations with modest resolution. In 2D, the VSI corrugation mode is weakened by dust back-reaction, while the SI can still survive regardless of initial conditions. Dust clumping occurs and is seeded by VSI-induced zonal flows. In 3D, dust can settle even more with increased dusty buoyancy, suppressing the VSI corrugation mode. Meanwhile, dust back-reaction enhances dust concentration in RWI vortices, though higher resolution is needed to assess dust clumping.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add345Protoplanetary disksHydrodynamical simulationsPlanet formationAstrophysical fluid dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Pinghui Huang Xue-Ning Bai The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability The Astrophysical Journal Protoplanetary disks Hydrodynamical simulations Planet formation Astrophysical fluid dynamics |
| title | The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability |
| title_full | The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability |
| title_fullStr | The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability |
| title_short | The Interplay between Dust Dynamics and Turbulence Induced by the Vertical Shear Instability |
| title_sort | interplay between dust dynamics and turbulence induced by the vertical shear instability |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Hydrodynamical simulations Planet formation Astrophysical fluid dynamics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add345 |
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