TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway
Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with epithelial cell damage, cell shedding, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Previous studies have indicated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) mediates ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. In our previo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3153240 |
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| author | Yun Zhang Hong-Mei Tang Chun-Feng Liu Xie-Fang Yuan Xiao-Yun Wang Ning Ma Guo-Feng Xu Song-Ping Wang Jun Deng Xing Wang |
| author_facet | Yun Zhang Hong-Mei Tang Chun-Feng Liu Xie-Fang Yuan Xiao-Yun Wang Ning Ma Guo-Feng Xu Song-Ping Wang Jun Deng Xing Wang |
| author_sort | Yun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with epithelial cell damage, cell shedding, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Previous studies have indicated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) mediates ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. In our previous study, we also observed that TGF-β3 increases mucus secretion in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Although it is well known that the relationship between ROS and autophagy is cell context-dependent, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The following study examined whether ROS act as upstream of autophagy activation in response to TGF-β3 induction. Using an allergic inflammation mouse model induced by house dust mite (HDM), we observed elevated lung amounts of TGF-β3 accompanied by increased ROS levels. And we found that ROS levels were elevated and NOX4 expression was increased in TGF-β3-induced epithelial cells, while the lack of NOX4 in the epithelial cells could reduce ROS generation and autophagy-dependent MUC5AC expression treated with TGF-β3. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that the Smad2/3 pathway was involved in TGF-β3-induced ROS generation by promoting NOX4 expression. The inhibition of ROS generation by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) resulted in a decrease in mucus expression and autophagy activity in vivo as well as in vitro. Finally, TGF-β3-neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the ROS generation, mucus expression, and autophagy activity and also decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Taken together, the obtained results revealed that persistent TGF-β3 activation increased ROS levels in a NOX4-dependent pathway and subsequently induced autophagy as well as MUC5AC expression in the epithelial cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e68ba73089e14c08b28dc4fbc90e761f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-e68ba73089e14c08b28dc4fbc90e761f2025-02-03T05:45:23ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612019-01-01201910.1155/2019/31532403153240TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent PathwayYun Zhang0Hong-Mei Tang1Chun-Feng Liu2Xie-Fang Yuan3Xiao-Yun Wang4Ning Ma5Guo-Feng Xu6Song-Ping Wang7Jun Deng8Xing Wang9Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaInflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaFirst Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaInflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaInflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaInflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaInflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaFirst Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaFirst Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaInflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, ChinaHigher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with epithelial cell damage, cell shedding, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Previous studies have indicated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) mediates ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. In our previous study, we also observed that TGF-β3 increases mucus secretion in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Although it is well known that the relationship between ROS and autophagy is cell context-dependent, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The following study examined whether ROS act as upstream of autophagy activation in response to TGF-β3 induction. Using an allergic inflammation mouse model induced by house dust mite (HDM), we observed elevated lung amounts of TGF-β3 accompanied by increased ROS levels. And we found that ROS levels were elevated and NOX4 expression was increased in TGF-β3-induced epithelial cells, while the lack of NOX4 in the epithelial cells could reduce ROS generation and autophagy-dependent MUC5AC expression treated with TGF-β3. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that the Smad2/3 pathway was involved in TGF-β3-induced ROS generation by promoting NOX4 expression. The inhibition of ROS generation by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) resulted in a decrease in mucus expression and autophagy activity in vivo as well as in vitro. Finally, TGF-β3-neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the ROS generation, mucus expression, and autophagy activity and also decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Taken together, the obtained results revealed that persistent TGF-β3 activation increased ROS levels in a NOX4-dependent pathway and subsequently induced autophagy as well as MUC5AC expression in the epithelial cells.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3153240 |
| spellingShingle | Yun Zhang Hong-Mei Tang Chun-Feng Liu Xie-Fang Yuan Xiao-Yun Wang Ning Ma Guo-Feng Xu Song-Ping Wang Jun Deng Xing Wang TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway |
| title_full | TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway |
| title_fullStr | TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway |
| title_short | TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway |
| title_sort | tgf β3 induces autophagic activity by increasing ros generation in a nox4 dependent pathway |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3153240 |
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