Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET

Complementary Field Effect Transistors (CFETs) have surfaced as a hopeful path to the continued logic area scaling in CMOS technology. This comprehensive review paper explores recent advancements and integration strategies in CFET technology, spanning monolithic CFET processes, vertically stacked na...

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Main Authors: Ayush Bhardwaj, Debashish Dash, Aditi Anant, Ved M. Bhanushali, Adarsh Kushwah, Ipshita Mishra, Shubham, Chandan Kumar Pandey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10993360/
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author Ayush Bhardwaj
Debashish Dash
Aditi Anant
Ved M. Bhanushali
Adarsh Kushwah
Ipshita Mishra
Shubham
Chandan Kumar Pandey
author_facet Ayush Bhardwaj
Debashish Dash
Aditi Anant
Ved M. Bhanushali
Adarsh Kushwah
Ipshita Mishra
Shubham
Chandan Kumar Pandey
author_sort Ayush Bhardwaj
collection DOAJ
description Complementary Field Effect Transistors (CFETs) have surfaced as a hopeful path to the continued logic area scaling in CMOS technology. This comprehensive review paper explores recent advancements and integration strategies in CFET technology, spanning monolithic CFET processes, vertically stacked nanosheets, and dynamic complementary pin allocation (DCPA) schemes for physical synthesis. Additionally, the paper investigates fabrication and characterization methodologies for vertically stacked junctionless poly-Si nanosheet CMOS inverters for enhanced performance and scalability. This paper delves into the analytical modeling and performance enhancement of CFETs for advanced technology nodes, comparing them with other transistor architectures like lateral GAAFETs. Various CFET configurations, including Hybrid Channel CFETs and sheet-based CFETs, are explored in terms of parasitic capacitance, self-heating effects, and power-performance-area-cost (PPAC) trade-offs. Moreover, the paper discusses recent research advancements in CFET technologies, covering applications, challenges, and prospects. Topics include gate stack solutions for BTI reliability, design rule considerations, heterogeneous stacked RRAM integration, device and system co-optimization, and electrothermal characterization. The semiconductor industry’s transition focuses on the utilization of (EUV) Extreme Ultraviolet lithography for three-nanometer logic processes of CFET and proposing novel CDU and process window analysis techniques. Furthermore, the paper presents a novel CFET-based NAND gate design, termed the double-cell-height (DCH) architecture, to mitigate challenges associated with increased parasitic capacitance and routing congestion. Advancements in process technologies towards (SRAM) Static Random Access Memory cells based on CFET, also design optimization for sub-2nm CMOS nodes are discussed. Additionally, a modeling framework using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate process variation effects on stacked CFET devices is proposed, offering insights into CFET research challenges and opportunities. Lastly, thermal and reliability challenges associated with CFETs are explored, along with investigations into CFET design, thermal modeling, electromigration reliability, and process optimization. Emerging technologies such as monolithic 3D integration and machine learning predictions for design optimization are also discussed. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in CFET technology, offering insights into ongoing research efforts and future directions in the field.
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spelling doaj-art-e68a60401ef44dfc8fc24be4189c8e262025-08-20T01:51:54ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113825548257210.1109/ACCESS.2025.356813410993360Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FETAyush Bhardwaj0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0960-9134Debashish Dash1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1053-2767Aditi Anant2https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3954-6731Ved M. Bhanushali3https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2870-0057Adarsh Kushwah4https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3982-8790Ipshita Mishra5 Shubham6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-131XChandan Kumar Pandey7School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSENSE, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaComplementary Field Effect Transistors (CFETs) have surfaced as a hopeful path to the continued logic area scaling in CMOS technology. This comprehensive review paper explores recent advancements and integration strategies in CFET technology, spanning monolithic CFET processes, vertically stacked nanosheets, and dynamic complementary pin allocation (DCPA) schemes for physical synthesis. Additionally, the paper investigates fabrication and characterization methodologies for vertically stacked junctionless poly-Si nanosheet CMOS inverters for enhanced performance and scalability. This paper delves into the analytical modeling and performance enhancement of CFETs for advanced technology nodes, comparing them with other transistor architectures like lateral GAAFETs. Various CFET configurations, including Hybrid Channel CFETs and sheet-based CFETs, are explored in terms of parasitic capacitance, self-heating effects, and power-performance-area-cost (PPAC) trade-offs. Moreover, the paper discusses recent research advancements in CFET technologies, covering applications, challenges, and prospects. Topics include gate stack solutions for BTI reliability, design rule considerations, heterogeneous stacked RRAM integration, device and system co-optimization, and electrothermal characterization. The semiconductor industry’s transition focuses on the utilization of (EUV) Extreme Ultraviolet lithography for three-nanometer logic processes of CFET and proposing novel CDU and process window analysis techniques. Furthermore, the paper presents a novel CFET-based NAND gate design, termed the double-cell-height (DCH) architecture, to mitigate challenges associated with increased parasitic capacitance and routing congestion. Advancements in process technologies towards (SRAM) Static Random Access Memory cells based on CFET, also design optimization for sub-2nm CMOS nodes are discussed. Additionally, a modeling framework using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate process variation effects on stacked CFET devices is proposed, offering insights into CFET research challenges and opportunities. Lastly, thermal and reliability challenges associated with CFETs are explored, along with investigations into CFET design, thermal modeling, electromigration reliability, and process optimization. Emerging technologies such as monolithic 3D integration and machine learning predictions for design optimization are also discussed. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in CFET technology, offering insights into ongoing research efforts and future directions in the field.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10993360/Complementary field effect transistors (CFETs)CMOS technology scalingmonolithic CFET processesself-heating effectshybrid channel CFETSRAM design optimization
spellingShingle Ayush Bhardwaj
Debashish Dash
Aditi Anant
Ved M. Bhanushali
Adarsh Kushwah
Ipshita Mishra
Shubham
Chandan Kumar Pandey
Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET
IEEE Access
Complementary field effect transistors (CFETs)
CMOS technology scaling
monolithic CFET processes
self-heating effects
hybrid channel CFET
SRAM design optimization
title Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET
title_full Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET
title_fullStr Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET
title_short Comprehensive Analysis on Complementary FET
title_sort comprehensive analysis on complementary fet
topic Complementary field effect transistors (CFETs)
CMOS technology scaling
monolithic CFET processes
self-heating effects
hybrid channel CFET
SRAM design optimization
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10993360/
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