Recent advances and practical challenges in the research of decellularized matrices for the fabrication of tiny-diameter artificial arteries

Abstract Despite advances in synthetic vascular grafts, replicating the dynamic biological functions of native microvasculature remains a critical challenge in cardiovascular tissue engineering. While polymer-based conduits offer scalability and dimensional versatility, the inherent bioinert nature...

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Main Authors: Yan Liu, Can Cheng, Jiaqi Xing, Zhaoxi Deng, Xu Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Collagen and Leather
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-025-00192-y
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Summary:Abstract Despite advances in synthetic vascular grafts, replicating the dynamic biological functions of native microvasculature remains a critical challenge in cardiovascular tissue engineering. While polymer-based conduits offer scalability and dimensional versatility, the inherent bioinert nature leads to high failure rates in < 6 mm diameter applications due to thrombotic complications and mechanical mismatch with host tissue. Decellularized matrices (dECM) scaffolds emerge as a biologically strategic alternative, preserving crucial vascular basement membrane components and biomechanical cues through collagen/elastin retention. The present review systematically elaborates the research advancements, critical determinants, and practical challenges in utilizing dECM for tiny-diameter artificial vessels (inner diameter < 3 mm), while proposing three forward-looking solutions to address clinical translation barriers: (1) matrix optimization strategies through diameter-specific compliance matching and elastin reconstitution; (2) sterilization and preservation protocols preserving structural integrity with controlled immunogenicity; (3) immunomodulatory engineering via macrophage polarization regulation. The proposed methodologies establish innovative avenues for the engineering and clinical transplantation of tiny-diameter artificial vessels. Graphical abstract
ISSN:2097-1419
2731-6998