Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction
IntroductionHomelessness remains a pervasive issue in many communities within the United States (US). “Sit-lie” policies restrict where individuals can sit or lie down in public places and are frequently passed and cited to forcibly re-locate individuals experiencing homelessness. In December 2022,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1516105/full |
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| author | Sean G. Young Vincent Truong William P. Watson Cari A. Bogulski |
| author_facet | Sean G. Young Vincent Truong William P. Watson Cari A. Bogulski |
| author_sort | Sean G. Young |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionHomelessness remains a pervasive issue in many communities within the United States (US). “Sit-lie” policies restrict where individuals can sit or lie down in public places and are frequently passed and cited to forcibly re-locate individuals experiencing homelessness. In December 2022, a federal judge issued a temporary injunction of San Francisco, California’s sit-lie policy, due to a pending lawsuit arguing that the enforcement of such policies when shelter cannot be offered is a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the US Constitution.MethodsTo examine the effects of this preliminary injunction, we spatially examined data from San Francisco’s 311 reporting system to identify encampment report hot spots.Results and discussionOverall, we found spatial shifting of encampment reporting, but fewer reports overall during the preliminary injunction period, relative to 1 year prior. Future work should examine the effect of the reversal of the injunction following a recent Supreme Court decision and subsequent ruling by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6642874e058402a91f636031714a937 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6642874e058402a91f636031714a9372025-02-05T07:32:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-02-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15161051516105Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunctionSean G. Young0Vincent Truong1William P. Watson2Cari A. Bogulski3Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United StatesPeter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United StatesDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United StatesIntroductionHomelessness remains a pervasive issue in many communities within the United States (US). “Sit-lie” policies restrict where individuals can sit or lie down in public places and are frequently passed and cited to forcibly re-locate individuals experiencing homelessness. In December 2022, a federal judge issued a temporary injunction of San Francisco, California’s sit-lie policy, due to a pending lawsuit arguing that the enforcement of such policies when shelter cannot be offered is a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the US Constitution.MethodsTo examine the effects of this preliminary injunction, we spatially examined data from San Francisco’s 311 reporting system to identify encampment report hot spots.Results and discussionOverall, we found spatial shifting of encampment reporting, but fewer reports overall during the preliminary injunction period, relative to 1 year prior. Future work should examine the effect of the reversal of the injunction following a recent Supreme Court decision and subsequent ruling by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1516105/fullhomelessnessencampmentspublic policy311 datacluster detectionhot spot analysis |
| spellingShingle | Sean G. Young Vincent Truong William P. Watson Cari A. Bogulski Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction Frontiers in Public Health homelessness encampments public policy 311 data cluster detection hot spot analysis |
| title | Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction |
| title_full | Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction |
| title_fullStr | Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction |
| title_short | Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California’s homeless encampment sweeps injunction |
| title_sort | geospatial evaluation of san francisco california s homeless encampment sweeps injunction |
| topic | homelessness encampments public policy 311 data cluster detection hot spot analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1516105/full |
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