Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins

Abstract The concurrent pressures of climate change and chemical pollution, often studied in isolation, have been linked to increases in infectious disease that threaten biodiversity. Understanding their interconnected nature is vital, as the impacts of climate-mediated environmental changes can be...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rosie S. Williams, David J. Curnick, Andrew Baillie, Jonathan L. Barber, James Barnett, Andrew Brownlow, Robert Deaville, Nicholas J. Davison, Mariel ten Doeschate, Paul D. Jepson, Sinéad Murphy, Rod Penrose, Matthew Perkins, Simon Spiro, Ruth Williams, Michael J. Williamson, Andrew A. Cunningham, Andrew C. Johnson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07858-7
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850183950342815744
author Rosie S. Williams
David J. Curnick
Andrew Baillie
Jonathan L. Barber
James Barnett
Andrew Brownlow
Robert Deaville
Nicholas J. Davison
Mariel ten Doeschate
Paul D. Jepson
Sinéad Murphy
Rod Penrose
Matthew Perkins
Simon Spiro
Ruth Williams
Michael J. Williamson
Andrew A. Cunningham
Andrew C. Johnson
author_facet Rosie S. Williams
David J. Curnick
Andrew Baillie
Jonathan L. Barber
James Barnett
Andrew Brownlow
Robert Deaville
Nicholas J. Davison
Mariel ten Doeschate
Paul D. Jepson
Sinéad Murphy
Rod Penrose
Matthew Perkins
Simon Spiro
Ruth Williams
Michael J. Williamson
Andrew A. Cunningham
Andrew C. Johnson
author_sort Rosie S. Williams
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The concurrent pressures of climate change and chemical pollution, often studied in isolation, have been linked to increases in infectious disease that threaten biodiversity. Understanding their interconnected nature is vital, as the impacts of climate-mediated environmental changes can be exacerbated by chemical pollution and vice versa. Using data from 836 UK-stranded short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) (n = 153 (analysed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) blubber concentrations)) necropsied between 1990 and 2020, we show that PCB concentrations and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are associated with an increased risk of infectious disease mortality. Specifically, a 1 mg/kg lipid increase in PCB concentration correlates with a 1.6% increase in disease mortality risk, while a 1 °C rise in SST corresponds to a 14% increase. Additionally, we derived a novel PCB threshold concentration (22 mg/kg lipid), defined as the level where PCB blubber concentrations are significantly associated with infectious disease mortality risk. International efforts to reduce carbon emissions have mostly failed, and despite regulatory efforts, PCBs remain a significant threat. We demonstrate the urgent need for conservation strategies that address both risk factors simultaneously to protect marine biodiversity.
format Article
id doaj-art-e65004041c8d4e7b9de4c9dc23951bd6
institution OA Journals
issn 2399-3642
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Biology
spelling doaj-art-e65004041c8d4e7b9de4c9dc23951bd62025-08-20T02:17:10ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-04-018111210.1038/s42003-025-07858-7Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphinsRosie S. Williams0David J. Curnick1Andrew Baillie2Jonathan L. Barber3James Barnett4Andrew Brownlow5Robert Deaville6Nicholas J. Davison7Mariel ten Doeschate8Paul D. JepsonSinéad Murphy9Rod Penrose10Matthew Perkins11Simon Spiro12Ruth Williams13Michael J. Williamson14Andrew A. Cunningham15Andrew C. Johnson16Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonThe Natural History MuseumCentre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)Cornwall Marine Pathology Team, Fishers Well, Higher Brill, ConstantineSchool of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of GlasgowInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonSchool of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of GlasgowSchool of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of GlasgowMarine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological UniversityMarine Environmental Monitoring, Penwalk, LlechrydInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonCornwall Wildlife Trust, Five Acres, AlletInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonUK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyAbstract The concurrent pressures of climate change and chemical pollution, often studied in isolation, have been linked to increases in infectious disease that threaten biodiversity. Understanding their interconnected nature is vital, as the impacts of climate-mediated environmental changes can be exacerbated by chemical pollution and vice versa. Using data from 836 UK-stranded short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) (n = 153 (analysed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) blubber concentrations)) necropsied between 1990 and 2020, we show that PCB concentrations and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are associated with an increased risk of infectious disease mortality. Specifically, a 1 mg/kg lipid increase in PCB concentration correlates with a 1.6% increase in disease mortality risk, while a 1 °C rise in SST corresponds to a 14% increase. Additionally, we derived a novel PCB threshold concentration (22 mg/kg lipid), defined as the level where PCB blubber concentrations are significantly associated with infectious disease mortality risk. International efforts to reduce carbon emissions have mostly failed, and despite regulatory efforts, PCBs remain a significant threat. We demonstrate the urgent need for conservation strategies that address both risk factors simultaneously to protect marine biodiversity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07858-7
spellingShingle Rosie S. Williams
David J. Curnick
Andrew Baillie
Jonathan L. Barber
James Barnett
Andrew Brownlow
Robert Deaville
Nicholas J. Davison
Mariel ten Doeschate
Paul D. Jepson
Sinéad Murphy
Rod Penrose
Matthew Perkins
Simon Spiro
Ruth Williams
Michael J. Williamson
Andrew A. Cunningham
Andrew C. Johnson
Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins
Communications Biology
title Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins
title_full Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins
title_fullStr Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins
title_full_unstemmed Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins
title_short Sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short-beaked common dolphins
title_sort sea temperature and pollution are associated with infectious disease mortality in short beaked common dolphins
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07858-7
work_keys_str_mv AT rosieswilliams seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT davidjcurnick seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT andrewbaillie seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT jonathanlbarber seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT jamesbarnett seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT andrewbrownlow seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT robertdeaville seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT nicholasjdavison seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT marieltendoeschate seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT pauldjepson seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT sineadmurphy seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT rodpenrose seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT matthewperkins seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT simonspiro seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT ruthwilliams seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT michaeljwilliamson seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT andrewacunningham seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins
AT andrewcjohnson seatemperatureandpollutionareassociatedwithinfectiousdiseasemortalityinshortbeakedcommondolphins