Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, th...
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2025-01-01
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| author | M. Salewski D.A. Spong P. Aleynikov R. Bilato B.N. Breizman S. Briguglio H. Cai L. Chen W. Chen V.N. Duarte R.J. Dumont M.V. Falessi M. Fitzgerald E.D. Fredrickson M. García-Muñoz N.N. Gorelenkov T. Hayward-Schneider W.W. Heidbrink M.J. Hole Ye.O. Kazakov V.G. Kiptily A. Könies T. Kurki-Suonio Ph. Lauber S.A. Lazerson Z. Lin A. Mishchenko D. Moseev C.M. Muscatello M. Nocente M. Podestà A. Polevoi M. Schneider S.E. Sharapov A. Snicker Y. Todo Z. Qiu G. Vlad X. Wang D. Zarzoso M.A. Van Zeeland F. Zonca S.D. Pinches |
| author_facet | M. Salewski D.A. Spong P. Aleynikov R. Bilato B.N. Breizman S. Briguglio H. Cai L. Chen W. Chen V.N. Duarte R.J. Dumont M.V. Falessi M. Fitzgerald E.D. Fredrickson M. García-Muñoz N.N. Gorelenkov T. Hayward-Schneider W.W. Heidbrink M.J. Hole Ye.O. Kazakov V.G. Kiptily A. Könies T. Kurki-Suonio Ph. Lauber S.A. Lazerson Z. Lin A. Mishchenko D. Moseev C.M. Muscatello M. Nocente M. Podestà A. Polevoi M. Schneider S.E. Sharapov A. Snicker Y. Todo Z. Qiu G. Vlad X. Wang D. Zarzoso M.A. Van Zeeland F. Zonca S.D. Pinches |
| author_sort | M. Salewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6259a445e6e4e728c0d6b2ed9b14f09 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0029-5515 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | Nuclear Fusion |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6259a445e6e4e728c0d6b2ed9b14f092025-08-20T02:40:43ZengIOP PublishingNuclear Fusion0029-55152025-01-0165404300210.1088/1741-4326/adb763Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operationM. Salewski0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-679XD.A. Spong1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-1873P. Aleynikov2https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3037-3679R. Bilato3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-9333B.N. Breizman4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7908-6497S. Briguglio5H. Cai6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-3721L. Chen7W. Chen8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-6295V.N. Duarte9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-7518R.J. Dumont10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-138XM.V. Falessi11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-226XM. Fitzgerald12E.D. Fredrickson13M. García-Muñoz14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-502XN.N. Gorelenkov15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-8149T. Hayward-Schneider16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-5090W.W. Heidbrink17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-8043M.J. Hole18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-8776Ye.O. Kazakov19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5441V.G. Kiptily20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-7280A. Könies21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-9000T. Kurki-Suonio22Ph. Lauber23S.A. Lazerson24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-0121Z. Lin25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-8983A. Mishchenko26https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1436-4502D. Moseev27https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-8565C.M. Muscatello28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-0419M. Nocente29https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-5275M. Podestà30https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-0585A. Polevoi31M. Schneider32https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-6861S.E. Sharapov33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-4876A. Snicker34https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-9666Y. Todo35https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-8285Z. Qiu36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-8819G. Vlad37https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-5436X. Wang38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-1771D. Zarzoso39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-8092M.A. Van Zeeland40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-2739F. Zonca41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9270-4704S.D. Pinches42https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-945XDepartment of Physics, Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkOak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States of AmericaMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Wendelsteinstrasse 1, 17491 Greifswald, GermanyMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyInstitute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas , Austin, TX 78712, United States of AmericaENEA , Nuclear Department,C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, ItalySchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, ChinaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4574, United States of AmericaSouthwestern Institute of Physics , PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, ChinaPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08543-0451, United States of AmericaCEA, IRFM , F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, FranceENEA , Nuclear Department,C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; Center for Nonlinear Plasma Science and C.R. ENEA Frascati , C.P. 65, 00044 Frascati, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) , Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, ItalyUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08543-0451, United States of AmericaLaboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Royal Military Academy , Avenue de la Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, BelgiumPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08543-0451, United States of AmericaMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4574, United States of AmericaAustralian National University , Canberra ACT 0200, AustraliaLaboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Royal Military Academy , Avenue de la Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, BelgiumUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Wendelsteinstrasse 1, 17491 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Applied Physics, Aalto University , FI-00076 AALTO, FinlandMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Wendelsteinstrasse 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany; Gauss Fusion GmbH , 85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4574, United States of AmericaMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Wendelsteinstrasse 1, 17491 Greifswald, GermanyMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Wendelsteinstrasse 1, 17491 Greifswald, GermanyGeneral Atomics , PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of AmericaDepartment of Physics ‘G. Occhialini’, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, ItalyPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08543-0451, United States of America; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Plasma Center , CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandITER Organization , Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13115 St. Paul-lez-Durance, FranceITER Organization , Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13115 St. Paul-lez-Durance, FranceUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Culham Campus, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandDepartment of Applied Physics, Aalto University , FI-00076 AALTO, Finland; VTT , PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, FinlandNational Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Toki 509-5292, JapanInstitute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, School of Physics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, ChinaENEA , Nuclear Department,C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, ItalyMax-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Centrale Med, M2P2, Marseille, FranceGeneral Atomics , PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of AmericaENEA , Nuclear Department,C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; Center for Nonlinear Plasma Science and C.R. ENEA Frascati , C.P. 65, 00044 Frascati, Italy; Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, School of Physics, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, ChinaITER Organization , Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13115 St. Paul-lez-Durance, FranceWe review the physics of energetic particles (EPs) in magnetically confined burning fusion plasmas with focus on advances since the last update of the ITER Physics Basis (Fasoli et al 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 S264). Topics include basic EP physics, EP generation, diagnostics of EPs and instabilities, the interaction of EPs and thermal plasma instabilities, EP-driven instabilities, energetic particle modes (EPMs), and turbulence, linear and nonlinear stability and simulation of EP-driven instabilities and EPMs, 3D effects, scenario optimization strategies based on EP phase-space control, EPs in reduced field scenarios in ITER before DT, and the physics of runaway electrons. We describe the simulation and modeling of EPs in fusion plasmas, including instability drive and damping as well as EP transport, with a range of approaches from first-principles to reduced models, including gyrokinetic simulations, kinetic-MHD models, gyrofluid models, reduced models, and semi-analytical approaches.https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763energetic particle physicsfast ion physicsrunaway electron physicsburning plasmas |
| spellingShingle | M. Salewski D.A. Spong P. Aleynikov R. Bilato B.N. Breizman S. Briguglio H. Cai L. Chen W. Chen V.N. Duarte R.J. Dumont M.V. Falessi M. Fitzgerald E.D. Fredrickson M. García-Muñoz N.N. Gorelenkov T. Hayward-Schneider W.W. Heidbrink M.J. Hole Ye.O. Kazakov V.G. Kiptily A. Könies T. Kurki-Suonio Ph. Lauber S.A. Lazerson Z. Lin A. Mishchenko D. Moseev C.M. Muscatello M. Nocente M. Podestà A. Polevoi M. Schneider S.E. Sharapov A. Snicker Y. Todo Z. Qiu G. Vlad X. Wang D. Zarzoso M.A. Van Zeeland F. Zonca S.D. Pinches Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation Nuclear Fusion energetic particle physics fast ion physics runaway electron physics burning plasmas |
| title | Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation |
| title_full | Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation |
| title_fullStr | Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation |
| title_short | Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation |
| title_sort | energetic particle physics chapter 7 of the special issue on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation |
| topic | energetic particle physics fast ion physics runaway electron physics burning plasmas |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763 |
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