Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles

This study investigates the impact of mechanical and chemical surface treatments on the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of Kevlar and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber-reinforced laminates (FRLs). Various treatments, including surface roughening, plasma exposure,...

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Main Authors: Feyi Adekunle, Jan Genzer, Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Fibers
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/2/19
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author Feyi Adekunle
Jan Genzer
Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam
author_facet Feyi Adekunle
Jan Genzer
Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam
author_sort Feyi Adekunle
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the impact of mechanical and chemical surface treatments on the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of Kevlar and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber-reinforced laminates (FRLs). Various treatments, including surface roughening, plasma exposure, NaOH and silane coupling, and graphene nanoparticle (NP) incorporation, were conducted to enhance the fiber–matrix bonding within thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrices. Results demonstrated that treatment efficacy highly depends on fiber type and matrix material, with chemical modifications generally outperforming the physical treatment (surface roughness). Plasma treatment significantly enhanced adhesion for UHMWPE, increasing yarn pullout force by 188.1% with TPU. While combining plasma with graphene slightly improved performance, it did not exceed plasma-only results due to potential surface functionalization losses during wet graphene application. For Kevlar, the combination of NaOH, silane, and graphene NP (NSG) treatment yielded the highest adhesion, showing increases of 76.6% with TPU and 95.4% with EVA, underscoring the synergy between chemical coupling and nanomaterial reinforcement. This study’s insights align with previous research, expanding the knowledge base by investigating graphene’s role independently and alongside established methods.
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spelling doaj-art-e602ead9707b4b81be741cdfd0ff93c32025-08-20T02:44:38ZengMDPI AGFibers2079-64392025-02-011321910.3390/fib13020019Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene NanoparticlesFeyi Adekunle0Jan Genzer1Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam2Department of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USAThis study investigates the impact of mechanical and chemical surface treatments on the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of Kevlar and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber-reinforced laminates (FRLs). Various treatments, including surface roughening, plasma exposure, NaOH and silane coupling, and graphene nanoparticle (NP) incorporation, were conducted to enhance the fiber–matrix bonding within thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrices. Results demonstrated that treatment efficacy highly depends on fiber type and matrix material, with chemical modifications generally outperforming the physical treatment (surface roughness). Plasma treatment significantly enhanced adhesion for UHMWPE, increasing yarn pullout force by 188.1% with TPU. While combining plasma with graphene slightly improved performance, it did not exceed plasma-only results due to potential surface functionalization losses during wet graphene application. For Kevlar, the combination of NaOH, silane, and graphene NP (NSG) treatment yielded the highest adhesion, showing increases of 76.6% with TPU and 95.4% with EVA, underscoring the synergy between chemical coupling and nanomaterial reinforcement. This study’s insights align with previous research, expanding the knowledge base by investigating graphene’s role independently and alongside established methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/2/19fiber-reinforced laminate (FRLs)Kevlarultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)interfacial adhesionsurface rougheningplasma treatment
spellingShingle Feyi Adekunle
Jan Genzer
Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam
Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles
Fibers
fiber-reinforced laminate (FRLs)
Kevlar
ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)
interfacial adhesion
surface roughening
plasma treatment
title Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles
title_full Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles
title_fullStr Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles
title_short Enhancing Interfacial Adhesion in Kevlar and Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber-Reinforced Laminates: A Comparative Study of Surface Roughening, Plasma Treatment, and Chemical Functionalization Using Graphene Nanoparticles
title_sort enhancing interfacial adhesion in kevlar and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced laminates a comparative study of surface roughening plasma treatment and chemical functionalization using graphene nanoparticles
topic fiber-reinforced laminate (FRLs)
Kevlar
ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)
interfacial adhesion
surface roughening
plasma treatment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/13/2/19
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AT jangenzer enhancinginterfacialadhesioninkevlarandultrahighmolecularweightpolyethylenefiberreinforcedlaminatesacomparativestudyofsurfacerougheningplasmatreatmentandchemicalfunctionalizationusinggraphenenanoparticles
AT abdelfattahmseyam enhancinginterfacialadhesioninkevlarandultrahighmolecularweightpolyethylenefiberreinforcedlaminatesacomparativestudyofsurfacerougheningplasmatreatmentandchemicalfunctionalizationusinggraphenenanoparticles