Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses
Infection of dogs with the tick-borne rickettsiae <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> provokes an immune response mediating the pathology and bacterial resistance. IL-10 is the main anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays a multifaceted role in host protection. The study aimed...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2516 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850085360928817152 |
|---|---|
| author | Iskren Stanilov Krasimira Gospodinova Vladimir Petrov Lyuba Miteva Ilia Tsachev Spaska Stanilova |
| author_facet | Iskren Stanilov Krasimira Gospodinova Vladimir Petrov Lyuba Miteva Ilia Tsachev Spaska Stanilova |
| author_sort | Iskren Stanilov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infection of dogs with the tick-borne rickettsiae <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> provokes an immune response mediating the pathology and bacterial resistance. IL-10 is the main anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays a multifaceted role in host protection. The study aimed to investigate circulating IL-10 in 32 dogs naturally infected with <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> and <i>E. canis</i>, identified by PCR positivity, and 33 PCR-negative animals which tested positive for antibodies against these pathogens, as well as 22 healthy animals. The highest quantity of IL-10, measured by ELISA, was observed among dogs positive simultaneously for anti-<i>E. canis</i> and anti-A. <i>phagocytophilum</i> IgG antibodies, followed by dogs positive for anti-<i>E. canis</i> only. The concentration of IL-10 in PCR-positive dogs was almost three and a half times higher than that measured in the control group (77.09 ± 23.61 pg./mL vs. 21.55 ± 4.61 pg./mL; <i>p</i> = 0.0015) and five times higher than the concentration of interleukin in PCR-negative animals (77.09 ± 23.61 pg./mL vs. 14.86 ± 3.01 pg./mL; <i>p</i> = 0.000016). The highest level of IL-10 was observed in PCR-positive dogs with mixed infection (120.54 ± 44.18), followed by the level in PCR-positive dogs for <i>E. canis</i> only (78.81 ± 16.92). The lowest level of IL-10 was observed in PCR-positive dogs for <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> only (56.32 ± 12.68). We may suggest that infection with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> stimulates the IL-10 production in dogs, which may facilitate specific antibody responses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5d8d27450c647bfa0f1b9c021c3f9b0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5d8d27450c647bfa0f1b9c021c3f9b02025-08-20T02:43:43ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011212251610.3390/microorganisms12122516Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune ResponsesIskren Stanilov0Krasimira Gospodinova1Vladimir Petrov2Lyuba Miteva3Ilia Tsachev4Spaska Stanilova5Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaInfection of dogs with the tick-borne rickettsiae <i>Ehrlichia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> provokes an immune response mediating the pathology and bacterial resistance. IL-10 is the main anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays a multifaceted role in host protection. The study aimed to investigate circulating IL-10 in 32 dogs naturally infected with <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> and <i>E. canis</i>, identified by PCR positivity, and 33 PCR-negative animals which tested positive for antibodies against these pathogens, as well as 22 healthy animals. The highest quantity of IL-10, measured by ELISA, was observed among dogs positive simultaneously for anti-<i>E. canis</i> and anti-A. <i>phagocytophilum</i> IgG antibodies, followed by dogs positive for anti-<i>E. canis</i> only. The concentration of IL-10 in PCR-positive dogs was almost three and a half times higher than that measured in the control group (77.09 ± 23.61 pg./mL vs. 21.55 ± 4.61 pg./mL; <i>p</i> = 0.0015) and five times higher than the concentration of interleukin in PCR-negative animals (77.09 ± 23.61 pg./mL vs. 14.86 ± 3.01 pg./mL; <i>p</i> = 0.000016). The highest level of IL-10 was observed in PCR-positive dogs with mixed infection (120.54 ± 44.18), followed by the level in PCR-positive dogs for <i>E. canis</i> only (78.81 ± 16.92). The lowest level of IL-10 was observed in PCR-positive dogs for <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> only (56.32 ± 12.68). We may suggest that infection with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> stimulates the IL-10 production in dogs, which may facilitate specific antibody responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2516cytokineIL-10Anaplasmataceaeantibody synthesisEhrlichiaAnaplasma |
| spellingShingle | Iskren Stanilov Krasimira Gospodinova Vladimir Petrov Lyuba Miteva Ilia Tsachev Spaska Stanilova Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses Microorganisms cytokine IL-10 Anaplasmataceae antibody synthesis Ehrlichia Anaplasma |
| title | Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses |
| title_full | Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses |
| title_short | Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with <i>E. canis</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> Facilitate Specific Immune Responses |
| title_sort | enhanced production of il 10 in pcr positive dogs infected with i e canis i and i a phagocytophilum i facilitate specific immune responses |
| topic | cytokine IL-10 Anaplasmataceae antibody synthesis Ehrlichia Anaplasma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2516 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iskrenstanilov enhancedproductionofil10inpcrpositivedogsinfectedwithiecanisiandiaphagocytophilumifacilitatespecificimmuneresponses AT krasimiragospodinova enhancedproductionofil10inpcrpositivedogsinfectedwithiecanisiandiaphagocytophilumifacilitatespecificimmuneresponses AT vladimirpetrov enhancedproductionofil10inpcrpositivedogsinfectedwithiecanisiandiaphagocytophilumifacilitatespecificimmuneresponses AT lyubamiteva enhancedproductionofil10inpcrpositivedogsinfectedwithiecanisiandiaphagocytophilumifacilitatespecificimmuneresponses AT iliatsachev enhancedproductionofil10inpcrpositivedogsinfectedwithiecanisiandiaphagocytophilumifacilitatespecificimmuneresponses AT spaskastanilova enhancedproductionofil10inpcrpositivedogsinfectedwithiecanisiandiaphagocytophilumifacilitatespecificimmuneresponses |