Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) as a preventable and potentially fatal noncommunicable disease was believed to have a lower incidence in Asian populations compared to Western populations. However, the incidence and mortality rates of PE in China and the impact of venous thromboembolism...

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Main Authors: Kaiyuan Zhen, Yuzhi Tao, Lei Xia, Shengfeng Wang, Qian Gao, Dingyi Wang, Zhaofei Chen, Xianglong Meng, Yuting Kang, Guohui Fan, Zhu Zhang, Peiran Yang, Jixiang Liu, Yu Zhang, Chaozeng Si, Wei Wang, Jun Wan, Yuanhua Yang, Zhihong Liu, Yingqun Ji, Juhong Shi, Qun Yi, Guochao Shi, Yutao Guo, Nuofu Zhang, Zhaozhong Cheng, Ling Zhu, Zhe Cheng, Xianbo Zuo, Wanmu Xie, Qiang Huang, Shuai Zhang, Lanxia Gan, Bing Liu, Simiao Chen, Cunbo Jia, Chen Wang, Zhenguo Zhai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606524002529
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author Kaiyuan Zhen
Yuzhi Tao
Lei Xia
Shengfeng Wang
Qian Gao
Dingyi Wang
Zhaofei Chen
Xianglong Meng
Yuting Kang
Guohui Fan
Zhu Zhang
Peiran Yang
Jixiang Liu
Yu Zhang
Chaozeng Si
Wei Wang
Jun Wan
Yuanhua Yang
Zhihong Liu
Yingqun Ji
Juhong Shi
Qun Yi
Guochao Shi
Yutao Guo
Nuofu Zhang
Zhaozhong Cheng
Ling Zhu
Zhe Cheng
Xianbo Zuo
Wanmu Xie
Qiang Huang
Shuai Zhang
Lanxia Gan
Bing Liu
Simiao Chen
Cunbo Jia
Chen Wang
Zhenguo Zhai
author_facet Kaiyuan Zhen
Yuzhi Tao
Lei Xia
Shengfeng Wang
Qian Gao
Dingyi Wang
Zhaofei Chen
Xianglong Meng
Yuting Kang
Guohui Fan
Zhu Zhang
Peiran Yang
Jixiang Liu
Yu Zhang
Chaozeng Si
Wei Wang
Jun Wan
Yuanhua Yang
Zhihong Liu
Yingqun Ji
Juhong Shi
Qun Yi
Guochao Shi
Yutao Guo
Nuofu Zhang
Zhaozhong Cheng
Ling Zhu
Zhe Cheng
Xianbo Zuo
Wanmu Xie
Qiang Huang
Shuai Zhang
Lanxia Gan
Bing Liu
Simiao Chen
Cunbo Jia
Chen Wang
Zhenguo Zhai
author_sort Kaiyuan Zhen
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) as a preventable and potentially fatal noncommunicable disease was believed to have a lower incidence in Asian populations compared to Western populations. However, the incidence and mortality rates of PE in China and the impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention system constructions on PE still lack nationwide evidence. Methods: For this nationwide hospital-based observational study, we used data from the National Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) and public database in China. We estimated the incidence and in-hospital mortality rates of PE by age group, sex, and regions of geographical and socioeconomic level. VTE prevention and management system constructions were quantified by geographical density. We then calculated the incidence and mortality rates in different conditions of VTE prevention and management system construction. Findings: During the 12 months period between January and December 2021, a total number of 200,112 PE patients and 14,123 deaths were recorded from 5101 hospitals in the HQMS database. The incidence of PE was 14.19 (200,112, 95% CI 14.13–14.26) per 100,000 population and the mortality rate was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.02) per 100,000 population. The incidence of PE was higher in male patients (14.43 per 100,000 population) than in female patients (13.95 per 100,000 population). Disparities of incidence and mortality rates were shown within age groups and geographical regions. The incidence and mortality rates of PE showed decreasing trend with increasing geographical density of VTE-related facilities and VTE prevention system developments. Interpretation: China had a substantially large number of PE patients. The incidence and mortality rates of PE showed disparities in terms of sex, age, and geography. The incidence and mortality rates of PE decrease across regions with increasing levels of socioeconomic development, potentially influenced by the existing VTE prevention and management systems. Optimizing the health policies and healthcare investment in VTE prevention may help reduce the disease burden of PE. Funding: CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2023-I2M-A-014); National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-NHLHCRF-LX-01-0108); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2507200); Discipline-Innovation and Talent-Introduction Program for Colleges and Universities (111 Plan, B23038).
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spelling doaj-art-e5d3d3433d89439d9c3fa6643bcf8a1d2025-08-20T01:56:20ZengElsevierThe Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific2666-60652025-01-015410125810.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101258Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in contextKaiyuan Zhen0Yuzhi Tao1Lei Xia2Shengfeng Wang3Qian Gao4Dingyi Wang5Zhaofei Chen6Xianglong Meng7Yuting Kang8Guohui Fan9Zhu Zhang10Peiran Yang11Jixiang Liu12Yu Zhang13Chaozeng Si14Wei Wang15Jun Wan16Yuanhua Yang17Zhihong Liu18Yingqun Ji19Juhong Shi20Qun Yi21Guochao Shi22Yutao Guo23Nuofu Zhang24Zhaozhong Cheng25Ling Zhu26Zhe Cheng27Xianbo Zuo28Wanmu Xie29Qiang Huang30Shuai Zhang31Lanxia Gan32Bing Liu33Simiao Chen34Cunbo Jia35Chen Wang36Zhenguo Zhai37Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaMedical Affairs Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaPeking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaOffice of National Clinical Research for Geriatrics, Department of Scientific Research, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, ChinaSichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaRespiratory Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaChina Standard Medical Information Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaHeidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GermanyChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, ChinaPeking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.Summary: Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) as a preventable and potentially fatal noncommunicable disease was believed to have a lower incidence in Asian populations compared to Western populations. However, the incidence and mortality rates of PE in China and the impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention system constructions on PE still lack nationwide evidence. Methods: For this nationwide hospital-based observational study, we used data from the National Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) and public database in China. We estimated the incidence and in-hospital mortality rates of PE by age group, sex, and regions of geographical and socioeconomic level. VTE prevention and management system constructions were quantified by geographical density. We then calculated the incidence and mortality rates in different conditions of VTE prevention and management system construction. Findings: During the 12 months period between January and December 2021, a total number of 200,112 PE patients and 14,123 deaths were recorded from 5101 hospitals in the HQMS database. The incidence of PE was 14.19 (200,112, 95% CI 14.13–14.26) per 100,000 population and the mortality rate was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.02) per 100,000 population. The incidence of PE was higher in male patients (14.43 per 100,000 population) than in female patients (13.95 per 100,000 population). Disparities of incidence and mortality rates were shown within age groups and geographical regions. The incidence and mortality rates of PE showed decreasing trend with increasing geographical density of VTE-related facilities and VTE prevention system developments. Interpretation: China had a substantially large number of PE patients. The incidence and mortality rates of PE showed disparities in terms of sex, age, and geography. The incidence and mortality rates of PE decrease across regions with increasing levels of socioeconomic development, potentially influenced by the existing VTE prevention and management systems. Optimizing the health policies and healthcare investment in VTE prevention may help reduce the disease burden of PE. Funding: CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2023-I2M-A-014); National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-NHLHCRF-LX-01-0108); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2507200); Discipline-Innovation and Talent-Introduction Program for Colleges and Universities (111 Plan, B23038).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606524002529Pulmonary embolismIncidenceMortalityVTE preventionDisease burden
spellingShingle Kaiyuan Zhen
Yuzhi Tao
Lei Xia
Shengfeng Wang
Qian Gao
Dingyi Wang
Zhaofei Chen
Xianglong Meng
Yuting Kang
Guohui Fan
Zhu Zhang
Peiran Yang
Jixiang Liu
Yu Zhang
Chaozeng Si
Wei Wang
Jun Wan
Yuanhua Yang
Zhihong Liu
Yingqun Ji
Juhong Shi
Qun Yi
Guochao Shi
Yutao Guo
Nuofu Zhang
Zhaozhong Cheng
Ling Zhu
Zhe Cheng
Xianbo Zuo
Wanmu Xie
Qiang Huang
Shuai Zhang
Lanxia Gan
Bing Liu
Simiao Chen
Cunbo Jia
Chen Wang
Zhenguo Zhai
Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific
Pulmonary embolism
Incidence
Mortality
VTE prevention
Disease burden
title Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
title_full Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
title_fullStr Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
title_short Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based studyResearch in context
title_sort epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in china 2021 a nationwide hospital based studyresearch in context
topic Pulmonary embolism
Incidence
Mortality
VTE prevention
Disease burden
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606524002529
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