Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults

Abstract Previous studies have shown a positive association between the arteriosclerosis index (AI) and future diabetes risk. However, evidence in non-obese populations is limited. This study investigates the relationship between AI and future diabetes risk in non-obese East Asian adults. This retro...

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Main Authors: Jun Cao, Jitong Liu, Ke Yu, Zhenhua Huang, Shunrong Lv, Wenfei Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89849-6
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author Jun Cao
Jitong Liu
Ke Yu
Zhenhua Huang
Shunrong Lv
Wenfei Zeng
author_facet Jun Cao
Jitong Liu
Ke Yu
Zhenhua Huang
Shunrong Lv
Wenfei Zeng
author_sort Jun Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Previous studies have shown a positive association between the arteriosclerosis index (AI) and future diabetes risk. However, evidence in non-obese populations is limited. This study investigates the relationship between AI and future diabetes risk in non-obese East Asian adults. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 95,402 non-obese adults from China and Japan. Participants had a mean age of 42.92 ± 12.24 years, with 51,295 (53.77%) being male. Median follow-up was 3.01 years. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between baseline AI and diabetes risk. Non-linear associations were explored using cubic splines and smoothed curves in Cox models. Sensitivity analyses were performed. After adjusting for covariates, a positive association was found between AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, P = 0.0017). A non-linear relationship was identified, with an inflection point at 1.47. Below this point, HR was 5.87 (95% CI 1.20-28.63, P = 0.0287); above, it was 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.13, P = 0.0115). Sensitivity analyses affirmed the robustness of these results. This study identifies a positive, non-linear association between the AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults. Interventions targeting AI reduction could significantly lower the risk of future diabetes in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-e55adbb6b49f4641b9f1f3b391bcc2d82025-08-20T02:12:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-89849-6Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adultsJun Cao0Jitong Liu1Ke Yu2Zhenhua Huang3Shunrong Lv4Wenfei Zeng5Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital (Gannan Medical University Affiliated Municipal Hospital)Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Pengpai Memorial HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityAbstract Previous studies have shown a positive association between the arteriosclerosis index (AI) and future diabetes risk. However, evidence in non-obese populations is limited. This study investigates the relationship between AI and future diabetes risk in non-obese East Asian adults. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 95,402 non-obese adults from China and Japan. Participants had a mean age of 42.92 ± 12.24 years, with 51,295 (53.77%) being male. Median follow-up was 3.01 years. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between baseline AI and diabetes risk. Non-linear associations were explored using cubic splines and smoothed curves in Cox models. Sensitivity analyses were performed. After adjusting for covariates, a positive association was found between AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, P = 0.0017). A non-linear relationship was identified, with an inflection point at 1.47. Below this point, HR was 5.87 (95% CI 1.20-28.63, P = 0.0287); above, it was 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.13, P = 0.0115). Sensitivity analyses affirmed the robustness of these results. This study identifies a positive, non-linear association between the AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults. Interventions targeting AI reduction could significantly lower the risk of future diabetes in this population.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89849-6Arteriosclerosis indexRelationshipDiabetesNon-obese adultsNon-linearEast Asian
spellingShingle Jun Cao
Jitong Liu
Ke Yu
Zhenhua Huang
Shunrong Lv
Wenfei Zeng
Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults
Scientific Reports
Arteriosclerosis index
Relationship
Diabetes
Non-obese adults
Non-linear
East Asian
title Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults
title_full Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults
title_fullStr Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults
title_full_unstemmed Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults
title_short Non-linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non-obese east Asian adults
title_sort non linear relationship between arteriosclerosis index and diabetes risk in non obese east asian adults
topic Arteriosclerosis index
Relationship
Diabetes
Non-obese adults
Non-linear
East Asian
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89849-6
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