Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral infections in Henan Province, China, from 2015 to 2023, encompassing 183,771 reported cases. The predominant pathogens included influenza A virus (Flu A), accounting for 58.66% of infections, followed by influ...

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Main Authors: Bowen Dai, Chong Chen, Yuanfang Shen, Shouhang Chen, Ruyu Zhang, Chenyu Wang, Jiaying Zheng, Qiujing Liang, Qingmei Wang, Yaodong Zhang, Yuefei Jin, Fang Wang, Zhi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11352-0
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author Bowen Dai
Chong Chen
Yuanfang Shen
Shouhang Chen
Ruyu Zhang
Chenyu Wang
Jiaying Zheng
Qiujing Liang
Qingmei Wang
Yaodong Zhang
Yuefei Jin
Fang Wang
Zhi Li
author_facet Bowen Dai
Chong Chen
Yuanfang Shen
Shouhang Chen
Ruyu Zhang
Chenyu Wang
Jiaying Zheng
Qiujing Liang
Qingmei Wang
Yaodong Zhang
Yuefei Jin
Fang Wang
Zhi Li
author_sort Bowen Dai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study presents a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral infections in Henan Province, China, from 2015 to 2023, encompassing 183,771 reported cases. The predominant pathogens included influenza A virus (Flu A), accounting for 58.66% of infections, followed by influenza B virus (Flu B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human rhinovirus (HRV), was 19.44%, 12.00%, 9.10%, 0.44%, and 0.37%, respectively. A significantly higher detection rate was observed in males compared to females (57.22% vs. 42.78%; χ2 < 0.001). Co-infections were documented in 2.16% of cases, with the most prevalent combination being Flu A + Flu B. Notably, the co-infection cases peaked in 2023, likely due to the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) following the COVID-19 pandemic. The detailed wavelet analysis revealed distinct periodic patterns for various respiratory viruses, highlighting the necessity of adaptable vaccination strategies. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of respiratory viral epidemiology and emphasize the significance of continuous surveillance and targeted public health interventions, particularly for high-risk populations. Future research should further investigate the implications of these trends on long-term respiratory health outcomes and inform effective strategies to mitigate the burden of respiratory infections.
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language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
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series BMC Infectious Diseases
spelling doaj-art-e54b5a9df1d6446db382fa50b3cb21742025-08-24T11:10:06ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-08-0125111110.1186/s12879-025-11352-0Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance studyBowen Dai0Chong Chen1Yuanfang Shen2Shouhang Chen3Ruyu Zhang4Chenyu Wang5Jiaying Zheng6Qiujing Liang7Qingmei Wang8Yaodong Zhang9Yuefei Jin10Fang Wang11Zhi Li12Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalAbstract This study presents a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral infections in Henan Province, China, from 2015 to 2023, encompassing 183,771 reported cases. The predominant pathogens included influenza A virus (Flu A), accounting for 58.66% of infections, followed by influenza B virus (Flu B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human rhinovirus (HRV), was 19.44%, 12.00%, 9.10%, 0.44%, and 0.37%, respectively. A significantly higher detection rate was observed in males compared to females (57.22% vs. 42.78%; χ2 < 0.001). Co-infections were documented in 2.16% of cases, with the most prevalent combination being Flu A + Flu B. Notably, the co-infection cases peaked in 2023, likely due to the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) following the COVID-19 pandemic. The detailed wavelet analysis revealed distinct periodic patterns for various respiratory viruses, highlighting the necessity of adaptable vaccination strategies. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of respiratory viral epidemiology and emphasize the significance of continuous surveillance and targeted public health interventions, particularly for high-risk populations. Future research should further investigate the implications of these trends on long-term respiratory health outcomes and inform effective strategies to mitigate the burden of respiratory infections.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11352-0Respiratory virus infectionsCo-infectious patternEpidemiological characteristicsNon-pharmaceutical interventions
spellingShingle Bowen Dai
Chong Chen
Yuanfang Shen
Shouhang Chen
Ruyu Zhang
Chenyu Wang
Jiaying Zheng
Qiujing Liang
Qingmei Wang
Yaodong Zhang
Yuefei Jin
Fang Wang
Zhi Li
Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study
BMC Infectious Diseases
Respiratory virus infections
Co-infectious pattern
Epidemiological characteristics
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
title Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study
title_full Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study
title_fullStr Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study
title_full_unstemmed Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study
title_short Hospitalizations trends and co-infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central China 2015 to 2023: a longitudinal surveillance study
title_sort hospitalizations trends and co infection patterns for respiratory virus infections in children in central china 2015 to 2023 a longitudinal surveillance study
topic Respiratory virus infections
Co-infectious pattern
Epidemiological characteristics
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11352-0
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